星载微波散射计两种体制的比较

星载微波散射计可以提供全球、全天候、高精度、高分辨率和短周期的海面风场数据。根据雷达天线足印的形状,雷达散射计主要包括扇形波束体制与笔形波束体制两种形式。概述了两种体制微波散射计在设计结构及后期数据处理算法中的优缺点,并对两种不同体制散射计的系统仿真数据进行比较。分析结果表明:对于小型卫星平台,Ku波段的旋转扫描扇形波束散射计比笔形波束圆锥扫描散射计具有更优的风场反演性能。     

离线固相萃取螯合富集分离-ICP-MS测定海水中的稀土元素

通过测定条件优化、方法比对等实验建立了一种固相萃取小柱离线螯合富集分离电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定海水中稀土元素的方法。海水样品通过调节p H后,进入VAC ELUT SPS24 Agilent圆形固相萃取装置,其主要基体物质的去除率高于97%;萃取富集的优化条件是海水样品p H 4.0~7.0,海水进入萃取柱速率2 m L/min,硝酸洗脱液浓度为1 mol/L;方法对稀土元素的加标回收率为83%~108%,14种稀土元素的检出限为0.057~0.613 ng/L,RSD10%;该方法与氢氧化铁共沉淀法富集稀土元素比对测定结果一致,方法具有准确度与精密度高、操作简便快速等优点,可用于海水样品中稀土元素的定量精确测量。     

危险化学品泄漏入海应急管理体系研究

文章从法律法规建设、应急预案制定和应急管理机制等方面系统梳理我国危险化学品应急管理体系的组织架构和管理措施,提出组织协调机制有待加强、应急预案体系有待健全和技术支撑稍显不足等存在的问题。在此基础上,为进一步提升我国危险化学品泄漏入海的应急管理能力,具有针对性地提出:完善应急管理内容,建立全过程应急管理;统一应急管理机构设置,理顺应急管理工作运行机制;健全应急预案体系,规范应急预案管理等工作建议。     

周期性饥饿再投喂对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)幼体生长、体组成及氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响

采用持续投喂(对照组C)和周期性饥饿1d再投喂5d(S1F5)、周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d(S2F4)、周期性饥饿3d再投喂3d(S3F3)4种投喂策略,研究了周期性饥饿再投喂对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)幼体(10.16±0.25g)的生长、体组成、氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响。结果表明:S3F3处理组中体重增重率、胴体长增长率及成活率三个指标均分别显著低于对照组C(P0.05),而S1F5和S2F4处理组三个指标均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,随着周期性饥饿时间的延长,体组成水分含量呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均呈显著下降趋势(P0.05),灰分含量变化不显著(P0.05)。三个处理组中氨基酸总量(T)、必需氨基酸总量(E)均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05);EPA、DPA和DHA含量均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05)。综合上述结果表明,S1F5和S2F4组的曼氏无针乌贼幼体均出现了完全补偿生长,并且对其营养组成没有影响,建议曼氏无针乌贼幼体的最佳投喂模式为周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d。     

溢油污染的渤海海冰反射光谱特征实测研究

Oil spilled on the sea ice surface in the Bohai Sea of China is studied through the field measurements of the reflectance of a simulated sea ice-oil film mixed pixel. The reflection characteristics of sea ice and oil film are also analyzed. It is found that the mixed pixel of sea ice and oil film is a linear mixed pixel. The means of extracting sea ice pixels containing oil film is presented using a double-band ratio oil-film sea-ice index(DROSI) and a normalized difference oil-film sea-ice index(NDOSI) through the analysis of the reflectance curves of the sea iceoil film pixel for different ratios of oil film. The area proportion of the oil film in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be accurately estimated by the average reflectance of the band of 1 610–1 630 nm, and the volume of the spilled oil can be further estimated. The method of the sea ice-oil film pixel extraction and the models to estimate the proportion of oil film area in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be applied to the oil spill monitoring of the ice-covered area in the Bohai Sea using multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing images in the shortwave infrared band(1 500–1 780 nm).     

深海热液区管状蠕虫Ridgeia piscesae β型半乳糖凝集素的克隆与功能研究

Lectins are sugar-specific binding proteins or glycoproteins that play important physiological roles in cellular recognition and regulation. And they are also valuable in medicine and pharmacy. Tubeworm is the representative species around the hydrothermal vent in the deep sea. They have developed unique mechanisms to adapt to the harsh environment. In this study, a 1 092 bp c DNA, designed as rpgal, was first cloned and characterized from the tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae. Sequence analysis showed that RPGAL had low homology with the known galectin. And it had two homologous carbohydrate-recognition domains, which is the characteristic of the tandem-repeat type galectins. The RPGAL was successfully recombinant expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Analysis of biological activity revealed that RPGAL was metal ion independent and it could agglutinate all the vertebrate erythrocytes tested. It was stable at 10–50°C and p H 5–10. And the hemagglutinating activity of RPGAL was strongly inhibited by D-Lactose and lipopolysaccharide. Although RPGAL had no effect on the microorganisms tested, it showed anti-tumor activity towards He La cells and HT1080 cells, which was accomplished by apoptosis. The study demonstrated that RPGAL was a novel galectin and provided a potential candidate for therapy of anti-tumor.     

海洋功能区划生态环境目标实施效果评估研究——以山东省为例

文章设计了海洋功能区划生态环境目标实施效果评估步骤和评估方法,以山东省海洋功能区划为例,系统分析了山东海洋功能区划的生态环境目标集、目标完成情况以及山东省海洋生态环境变化,并对两者之间的关系进行对应分析,得出评估结论:(1)区划生态环境目标与海洋生态环境质量评价指标相关度高;(2)部分区划生态环境目标和海洋生态环境评价指标设置不足;(3)区划生态环境目标完成对海洋生态环境改善起到积极作用。并提出:(1)进一步加强改善作用明显的生态环境目标,增设缺失和不足的生态环境目标;(2)因地制宜,加快功能区划实施;(3)严格控制陆地排海污染源,加强海上安全作业;(4)加快海洋生态环境修复;(5)加强生态环境监测,实现数据共享等建议。     

MART算法在大气水汽层析中的应用研究

以香港连续运行参考站数据为解算实例,对MART算法进行修正,并将其应用于水汽层析方程的解算,并研究了垂直分辨率对层析结果的影响。将层析解算的结果与京士柏探空站资料反演的水汽密度进行对比分析。实验结果表明,采用修正的MART算法能够用于水汽层析的解算,层析结果与探空站资料反演的结果符合得较好,采用垂直分辨为425m更能反映出大气水汽实际分布特性。     

董家口尾水排海环境影响数值预测及排放口比选研究

采用二维平面潮流数值模拟的方法对董家口港区尾水排放口位置进行比选研究,预测4个拟选排污口分别在尾水正常排放和事故排放两种工况下各水质污染因子的环境影响范围,并结合水深、动力条件等因素最终选定最优排污口.结果表明:研究海区海流以潮流为主,潮流性质为半日潮流,潮流运动形式以往复流为主,旋转为辅,海域涨落急流向为SW—NE向,整体上西防波堤—LNG码头连线南侧海域的水动力条件较好.经数值模拟预测研究,位于西防波堤南侧的P4排污口所在海域水动力条件活跃,水深条件适宜,有利于物质扩散,且事故条件下对日照海域和日照西施舌种质资源保护区影响小,为较优尾水排放点.同时P4排污口所在海域执行三类水质标准,污水数值模拟结果显示该排污口各污染因子超三类水质标准的面积均小于0.742 km2,NS向扩散距离均小于0.34km,扩散趋势与潮流方向一致,有利于其污染物稀释扩散.本次模拟预测客观地反映了污染物排海后的浓度变化和运动规律,为尾水排海污染物进行总量控制及海洋环境开发管理规划提供了科学依据和技术保障.