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61.
The degree to which dust emissions are controlled by geomorphic conditions, wind environments and land use was investigated using the dust storm frequency (DSF) and data from more than 300 meteorological stations throughout northern China. Our analysis showed that most dust emissions originated in gobi deserts that developed in piedmont alluvial fans of the Kunlun, Qilian and Helan mountains. Dust emissions are low from other gobi desert regions, such as the northern Gurbantunggut and eastern Taklimakan, where high vegetation coverage restrained dust emissions or where dust-size particles are not abundant after a long period of strong wind erosion. Sandy deserts with relatively high vegetation coverage or an extensive cover by mobile sands are not a major dust source. Although the highest dust emissions did not appear in regions with the highest wind energy, DSF trends in each region from 1960 to 2003 were closely related to local wind activity. DSF was low in regions with high levels of human activity, where the mean DSF from 1960 to 2003 did not exceed 4 days/year; even from the 1960s to the early 1970s, the period with the greatest DSF, frequency did not exceed 8 days/year, which indicates that extensive land use did not contribute to DSF. The low DSF in these areas might result from the fact that although land use could produce abundant fine soil fractions, vegetation coverage and soil moisture remained higher than in the gobi deserts of arid China, thereby decreasing dust-storm occurrence. 相似文献
62.
63.
古近系双阳组是在吉林省伊通盆地莫里青断陷中,油气赋存的主要层位,储层主要为湖底扇和扇三角洲的砂体。依据双阳组储层的大量薄片、扫描电镜、粘土矿物分析的资料研究了该储集层的成岩作用。研究结果表明双阳组储集层:成岩作用经历了压实、压溶、胶结、交代和溶解6方面的作用。双储集层中的自生粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石转化具有明显的特征:主要演化过程经历了蒙皂石渐变带,第一迅速转化带和第二迅速转化带,相应的成岩作用阶段可划分为早成岩阶段B期、晚成岩阶段A1期和晚成岩阶段A2期。依据在垂向上的成岩变化,建立了莫里青断陷双阳组储集层的成岩作用演化序列。在垂向上成岩作用的类型和强度均存在明显的差异,造成了储层物性的垂向分带。 相似文献
64.
Construction techniques for the Taklamakan Desert Highway: research on the construction materials and the results of field tests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
After conducting many laboratory and field experiments, several key technical issues related to the construction of China’s
Taklamakan Desert Highway have been satisfactorily resolved. In particular, considerable progress has been made on the dry
compaction of a sand sub-base, road design parameters, the creation of a structure that combines a sub-grade and asphalt pavement,
analysis of the stability of a sand sub-base strengthened with geotextiles, and on the development of a complete set of construction
techniques. The achievements of this research were successfully applied for the first time in the Taklamakan Desert, where
the environmental conditions are extremely harsh. The results suggest that the construction of this highway was economical
and that the simple construction methods produced a reliable highway. The resulting highway is believed to be the world’s
first long-distance graded highway running through a huge desert with migrating dunes. 相似文献
65.
66.
介绍了使用泥浆护壁气举反循环回转钻进工艺进行襄樊汉江四桥大口径嵌岩桩的施工实践。施工中采用下置双护简隔离卵石层,合理选用钻头类型(卵砾石层采用五翼合金刮刀钻头,基岩采用球齿滚刀钻头)和钻进参数(混合器沉没深度,尾管长度,孔内空气流量与压力),摸索与总结出一套复杂地层成孔施工经验。 相似文献
67.
利用M-LDARS闪电定位系统对北京及其周边地区1995~1997年6~9月的闪电观测数据, 分析闪电活动的时空分布特征。结果表明:闪电活动在时间分布上存在两个峰值时段, 13 :00~21:00和23:00~次日05 :00。通过对总地闪、分时段及峰值时段的地闪密度分析, 发现北京及周边地区闪电活动有几个明显的集中区域, 地闪高密度区主要出现在下垫面为山脉和水体的地方, 闪电活动与下垫面的水汽条件关系密切, 且正、负地闪的空间分布也呈现较大差异, 表明雷暴云的电荷结构存在一定差异。 相似文献
68.
2003年民航哈尔滨空管中心航务气象台对 714C型天气雷达进行中修.在中修中共发现大小故障 86例,雷达的整体性能显著下降,大部分指标值低于标准值.同时在中修过程中,技术人员全面分析雷达出现故障的原因.电子仪器设备在储存、运输和工作中受气候环境、机械环境与电磁环境等因素的影响较大,其中温度、湿度、电源品质等要素的影响在哈尔滨机场体现得较为突出,机场供电经常在 320~ 460V之间波动,给雷达设备造成很大的损害,同时,恶劣的气候条件和工作状况加快了半导体器件、电阻器、电容器、继电器、接插件、及开关等元器件表面氧化、老化的进程、导致电参数退休.根据故障情况进行了综合分析. 相似文献
69.
人才资源是第一资源,谁拥有人才优势,谁就能抢占事业发展的制高点,因此,对人才资源开发与经营的效益要远远大于对其他资源开发的效益。对山西省气象局近几年来领导人才资源开发与经营的实践进行了详细的探讨和总结,指出领导人才资源开发与经营的基础环节是造拔优势年轻人才,中介环节是创新人才选拔机制,关键环节是优化配置人才资源。 相似文献
70.
Summary The uncertainty in aerosol size distributions is a main source of errors in aerosol optical thickness determined from satellite
measurements. To reduce the errors resulting from the uncertainty in aerosol size distributions, we have performed sensitivity
analyses. It is found the errors resulting from the uncertainty in aerosol size distribution can be considerably reduced by
using the Junge power law to approximate the aerosol size distribution in an actual atmosphere, if the exponent value is determined
at the same time. An iterative algorithm is then developed for the simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness
and the exponent of the Junge power law over ocean areas from the upwelling radiances measured in AVHRR visible and near infrared
channels. A number of numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the validity of the Junge power law approximation
by assuming the aerosol size distributions in an actual atmosphere are bimodal with different mode parameters, and by using
the actual aerosol size distributions determined at several places by Kaufman et al. (1994). The results show that the errors
in determined aerosol optical thickness resulting from the Junge power law approach are significantly reduced. The iterative
algorithm is investigated further by comparing the aerosol optical thickness deduced from satellite measurement with that
observed by a sun photometer.
Received October 10, 2001 Revised December 28, 2001 相似文献