2007—2010年北京自动站浓雾特征分析与临近预报初探

为探索北京地区浓雾天气特征和临近预报方法,分析了北京2007-2010年18个道面自动站能见度1000 m以下的天气资料.结果表明:①浓雾具有明显的日变化和年变化.05:00-09:00是高发时段,12:00-18:00是低发时段.全年浓雾主要集中在9-12月,6、7月最少.②空间分布上,呈现“东南多,城区少”的特征,统计80％以上的浓雾都发生在大兴和通州.③浓雾变化具有突发性和象鼻形先期振荡的特征.④浓雾能见度变化与气象要素变化关系密切.偏南风和偏东风最有利于浓雾生成发展,西北风最有利于浓雾的消散.风速减小,气温下降,湿度增大,能见度降低,浓雾生成和发展;风速增大,气温升高,湿度减小,能见度上升,浓雾减弱消散,但湿度的减小滞后于能见度的上升.浓雾维持阶段,要素变化都很小.     

On the connection between AMOC and observed land precipitation in Northern Hemisphere: a comparison of the AMOC indicators

Climate Dynamics - Decadal climate prediction has been one of the most popular topics in recent climate change studies. It is closely linked to our daily life, deeply affecting the wellbeing of...     

Evolution of the Paleocene-Early Eocene larger benthic foraminifera in the Tethyan Himalaya of Tibet, China

The Paleocene-Early Eocene larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the far eastern Neo-Tethyan Ocean of Tibet still remain poorly known. Here, we present a novel, high-resolution larger foraminiferal biozonation from the shallow-water limestones in Tibet, which will improve our current understanding of the larger foraminiferal evolution in the eastern Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Based on one continuous section at Tingri and three separate sections at Gamba, ten Shallow Benthic Zones (SBZ 1–10) have been designated in Tibet by following the principle of Oppel Zone. In contrast to those in Europe, the Paleocene LBFs in Tibet are characterized by high diversification of Lockhartia, Kathina, Daviesina, Miscellanea, Ranikothalia, and Operculina and show progressively increasing diversity of genera and species during SBZ 2–5. Adult dimorphism and large shell size of some LBFs as well as differentiation of the diversity between genera and species initiated as early as SBZ 3. It suggests that the occurrence of the Larger Foraminifera Turnover (LFT) was probably not synchronous in the entire Neo-Tethyan Ocean, because in Europe, the LFT was generally thought to occur at the beginning of SBZ 5. During the Early Eocene, the LBFs in Tibet decreased markedly on the generic level and increased on the species level, and some new genera (Alveolina, Orbitolites, Nummulites, Assilina, Discocyclina) have gained predominance in Tibet. It is nearly identical to the evolution of the LBFs in Europe and indicates a high-degree homogenization of the LBFs in the entire Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Furthermore, the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary in shallow-water environments has been clearly identified by us, and it is situated in the upper part of SBZ 5 and associated with no evident biotic turnover of shallow benthic foraminiferal communities. The possible diachroneity of the LFT in the Neo-Tethyan Ocean and the evident lagging of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) behind the LFT imply that the LFT could only be the result of a natural evolutionary process and has no linkage with the PETM. Notably, a transient but distinct larger foraminiferal extinction and origination (LFEO) event has been found in Tibet, which is characterized by a sudden disappearance of all Paleocene lamellar-perforate LBFs, such as Lockhartia, Kathina, Daviesina, Miscellanea, Ranikothalia, and Operculina, and the initial dominance of the Early Eocene porcellaneous-walled Alveolina. The LFEO marks the boundary between SBZ 5 and 6, and might only occur in the low-latitude areas of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Surprisingly, the LFEO coincides with the initial recovery of the Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE), and their synchronicity implies that some possible mechanisms causing the rapid recovery of the CIE probably had also led to the LFEO in the shallow-water environments.     

中国极地冰冻圈网络数据库建设

中国极地冰冻圈数据库是“中国极地科学数据库”的子数据库之一 ,它是我国极地科学研究的一项基础性工作。已建成的中国极地冰冻圈网络数据库主要包括冰川物理特性、冰川化学数据、海冰、气象、遥感和地理信息系统等 6个数据子库 ,其中遥感数据由于数据量大 ( 30G) ,在线仅提供数据目录 ,其余 5个数据子库在线数据量达 1 .5G左右。该数据库系统利用MicrosoftWindows 2 0 0 0Server作为Web服务器 ,选择MicrosoftSQLServer 7.0作为数据库管理软件 ,利用InternetInformationServer 5 .0和SybasePowerDynamo配置因特网服务器 ,功能上可以实现WWW服务和FTP服务。整个系统采用了因特网 (Internet)与客户机 /服务器 (Client/Server)相结合的技术 ,用户在权限范围内可以通过WWW服务网址方便地实现对网上资源的检索、浏览、打印、下载等功能     

论荒漠化的型式问题——以西非萨赫勒地带为例

荒漠化问题研究中,荒漠化型式(Patern)问题是最重要的问题之一。它与对荒漠化本质的认识有关,与荒漠化防治的实践有极其密切的关系。该文以萨赫勒地带为例,讨论和分析了其荒漠化的过程(即过度放牧、滥施耕作、烧荒和火灾及过度樵采引起的荒漠化过程)问题,指出:荒漠化是由于人类不适当经济活动而在其内部生成的;从总体上讲,其荒漠化不是其北面撒哈拉沙漠的流沙和沙丘向南推进的结果。因此,为阻止荒漠化而在其北部边缘建造所谓“绿带”,不可能遏止其荒漠化的发展。只有加强管理,坚持适度利用和因地制宜地利用环境和资源的原则,防止人类的过度经济活动,才能有效地防治荒漠化。     

Probing the Fundamental Physics of the Solar Corona with Lunar Solar Occultation Observations

Imaging and spectroscopy of the solar corona, coupled with polarimetry, are the only tools available at present to capture signatures of physical processes responsible for coronal heating and solar wind acceleration within the first few solar radii above the solar limb. With the recent advent of improved detector technology and image processing techniques, broad-band white light and narrow-band multi-wavelength observations of coronal forbidden lines, made during total solar eclipses, have started to yield new views about the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of coronal structures. This paper outlines these unique capabilities, which until present, have been feasible primarily with observations during natural total solar eclipses. This work also draws attention to the exciting possibility of greatly increasing the frequency and duration of solar eclipse observations with Moon orbiting observatories utilizing lunar limb occultation of the solar disk for coronal measurements.     

Radio Observation of the 11-Month Fermi-AGN at Urumqi Observatory

We carry out flux observation at 5 GHz for 124 sources from the ‘clean’ sample of Fermi catalog 1LAC (The First LAT AGN Catalog) with Urumqi 25 m telescope. We find that it is obvious that there is a correlation between the γ-ray and the radio flux density for blazars. For the subclasses, the correlation for FSRQs is strong, but the correlation for BL Lacs is weak.     

Numerical simulations of magnetic reconnection in the lower solar atmosphere

Observations indicate that Ellerman bombs (EBs) and chromospheric microflares both occur in the lower solar atmosphere,and share many common features,such as temperature enhancements,accompanying jet-like mass motions,short life-time,and so on.These strongly suggest that EBs and chromospheric microflares could both probably be induced by magnetic reconnection in the lower solar atmosphere.With gravity,ionization and radiation considered,we perform two-dimensional numerical simulations of magnetic reconnecti...     

Cellular automata model as an intuitive approach to simulate complex land-use changes: an evaluation of two multi-state land-use models in the Yellow River Delta

Land-use changes are generally recognized as multi-scale complex systems with processes and driving factors operating at different scales. Traditional linear approaches could not adequately acquire the nonlinear features in complex land-use changes. A multi-state artificial neural network based cellular automata (MANNCA) model and a multi-state autologistic regression based cellular automata (MALRCA) model were developed to simulate complex land-use changes in the Yellow River Delta during the period of 1992–2005. Relatively good conformity between simulated and actual land-use patterns indicated that the two models were able to simulate land-use dynamics effectively and generate realistic land-use patterns. The MANNCA model obtained higher fuzzy kappa values over MALRCA model at all the three simulation periods, which indicated that artificial neural networks could more effectively capture the complex relationships between land-use changes and a large set of spatial variables. Although the MALRCA model does have some advantages, the proposed MANNCA model represents a more effective approach to simulate the complex and nonlinear land-use evolutionary process.     

Modeling the Spatial Diffusion of Mobile Telecommunications in China

This article empirically evaluates factors contributing to spatial variations of cellular telephony adoption at the regional level in China. We estimate a logistic model using a variety of specifications for the spatial diffusion of cellular telephony. We find that regional disparity in the adoption and subsequent diffusion speed of cellular telephony is associated with different levels in economic development, economic structure, foreign investment, and the level of fixed-line telephony penetration. The results suggest that mobile communications diffusion starts first in regions with a higher potential demand density and economic development level. However, these characteristics play differential roles in determining the timing of initial adoption and diffusion speed within regions.