长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统

在长白山火山区及其附近 ,沿 5条伞状测线和 1条北西向测线进行了 6 1个大地电磁测深点的观测。用Robust等方法对观测资料进行了处理 ;应用阻抗张量分解方法消除了局部不均匀体的影响 ;计算了反映地下横向不均匀性的地磁感应矢量。利用RRI二维自动反演等技术对资料进行了解释。结果表明 :在近地表存在低阻体 ,并分别与长白山天池水体、聚龙泉温泉、锦江温泉及长白山山门附近的地下水相对应。在长白山天池及其以北和以东地区 ,约 12km深处存在电阻率很低的地质体 ,电阻率为 10到几十Ω·m ,可能是地壳岩浆囊。在测区范围内 ,地壳电性结构在南北方向存在着明显的横向变化 ,而东西方向相对均匀 ,变化比较平缓     

富磷矿三阶段动态成矿模式:黔中开阳式高品位磷矿成矿机制

震旦系陡山沱组沉积期形成的黔中开阳、瓮安富磷矿沉积区,矿石产量大、品位高,是国内外重要的磷矿资源产区。黔中磷矿主要分布于黔中古陆周缘的滨浅海环境中,矿石类型以碎屑状磷块岩为主,间夹原生泥晶磷块岩、生物结构磷块岩和次生土状结构磷块岩。开阳式高品位磷块岩的动态沉积成矿过程通常为“三阶段成矿”: 第一阶段为初始成磷作用阶段,在新元古代大规模成磷背景下,上升洋流携带深部富磷海水进入滨浅海地区,并通过生物化学作用使磷质聚集并形成原生磷块岩沉积;第二阶段为簸选成矿作用阶段,高能波浪、风暴水流对原生磷块岩持续的破碎、磨蚀、搬运和再沉积过程中,簸选去除了原生沉积物中的陆源细碎屑、砂泥质成分,保留并聚集磷质碎屑颗粒,形成品位较高的碎屑状矿石;第三阶段为淋滤作用阶段,海平面升降变化使之前形成矿石受暴露事件影响,遭受强烈的风化淋滤作用,碎屑状磷矿石内的碳酸盐岩胶结物和白云石条带被淋滤运移,导致矿层发育大量溶蚀孔洞,甚至形成土状磷块岩,矿石品位再次得到大幅度提升。三阶段成矿作用随古地理条件和海平面变化在沉积成岩过程中多期次、动态进行,最终形成工业价值极高的磷矿石。     

早白垩世Ruffordia goepperti的原位孢子及与分散孢子的关系

海金沙特的Ｒｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａ ｇｏｅｐｐｅｒｔｉ（Ｄｕｎｋｅｒ）Ｓｅｗａｒｄ是世界上早白垩世极为重要的蕨类植物。通过对比发现,Ｒｕｆｆｏｒｄｉａ ｇｏｅｐｐｅｒｔｉ原位孢子的形态和细微纹饰与地层中分散孢子Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｏｏｋｓｏｎ）Ｐｏｔｏｎｉｅ和Ｃ．ｍｉｎｏｒ（Ｂｏｌｃｈ．）Ｐｏｃｏｃｋ一致,而且大化石与分散孢子的地史、地理分布范围也相同,     

Quantifying fracture geometry with X-ray tomography: Technique of Iterative Local Thresholding (TILT) for 3D image segmentation

This paper presents a new method—the Technique of Iterative Local Thresholding (TILT)—for processing 3D X-ray computed tomography (xCT) images for visualization and quantification of rock fractures. The TILT method includes the following advancements. First, custom masks are generated by a fracture-dilation procedure, which significantly amplifies the fracture signal on the intensity histogram used for local thresholding. Second, TILT is particularly well suited for fracture characterization in granular rocks because the multi-scale Hessian fracture (MHF) filter has been incorporated to distinguish fractures from pores in the rock matrix. Third, TILT wraps the thresholding and fracture isolation steps in an optimized iterative routine for binary segmentation, minimizing human intervention and enabling automated processing of large 3D datasets. As an illustrative example, we applied TILT to 3D xCT images of reacted and unreacted fractured limestone cores. Other segmentation methods were also applied to provide insights regarding variability in image processing. The results show that TILT significantly enhanced separability of grayscale intensities, outperformed the other methods in automation, and was successful in isolating fractures from the porous rock matrix. Because the other methods are more likely to misclassify fracture edges as void and/or have limited capacity in distinguishing fractures from pores, those methods estimated larger fracture volumes (up to 80 %), surface areas (up to 60 %), and roughness (up to a factor of 2). These differences in fracture geometry would lead to significant disparities in hydraulic permeability predictions, as determined by 2D flow simulations.     

先进的大地电磁资料处理和反演方法在INDEPTH-MT中的应用研究

简述了包括Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ估计、阻抗张量分解、Ｒｈｏｐｌｕｓ理论、二维快速松弛反演、静位移校正等一些先进的大地电磁资料处理和反演方法的理论。结合ＩＮＤＥＰＴＨ ＭＴ实测资料例举了它们的应用效果。提供了一套处理野外资料的系统流程。     

延吉盆地多期不整合面的形成及其油气地质意义

延吉盆地是一个后期改造较为强烈的断陷盆地。应用地震、地质、测井资料识别出延吉盆地中存在6个较大的不整合面,它们以角度不整合和超覆不整合2种类型为主。分析认为,燕山Ⅰ、Ⅱ幕运动形成了盆地雏形,燕山Ⅳ幕运动则使盆地回返,此期出现大量高岭石（40%）,表明其与大气水淋滤等有关。短暂沉降后（龙井组）,燕山运动晚期（Ⅴ幕）发生的又一次大规模以南北挤压为主的构造运动,导致南北两翼抬起幅度巨大,剥蚀厚度超过700 m,盆地中部剥蚀厚度大约为300 m。不整合面是划分三大构造层（前断陷期、断陷期、坳陷期）的依据。其早白垩世铜佛寺组和大砬子组间的整合关系利于油气的生成。不整合面既可改善储集体的渗透性,又是形成油气二次运移的良好通道。初步预测与不整合有关的油气藏（侵蚀残丘、地层超覆不整合、断层坡折）可作为下一步勘探的目标。     

南海北部大陆架西段地热条件与油气资源前景

北部湾盆地下第三系由于油源母质特性原因和适于生油的空间相对局限,总体上看,天然气的潜力大于石油。生油岩与地温条件在空间上的配置适当决定了珠三盆地油气资源的良好前景。较高的地温与古地温环境是莺琼盆地成为南海北部大陆架天然气富集区的重要条件,较高的地温不仅使盆地中西部上第三系烃源岩能够广泛生气,也是本区有巨大远景的深成高压气(盆地中、西部)与浅成生化成因气的形成与富集的重要条件。     

Landscape pattern evolution processes of alpine wetlands and their driving factors in the Zoige Plateau of China

Zoige Plateau wetlands are located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The landscape pattern evolution processes in the Zoige Plateau and their driving factors were identified by analyzing the dynamic changes in landscape modification and conversion and their dynamic rates of alpine wetlands over the past four decades.The results showed that the landscape conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands mainly occurred during the period from 1966 to 1986.The marsh wetland area converted from lake and river wetlands was larger because of swamping compared to other wetland landscapes.Meanwhile,the larger area of marsh wetlands was also converted to lake wetlands more than other types of wetlands.The modification processes mainly occurred among natural wetland landscapes in the first three periods.Obvious conversions were observed between wetland and nonwetland landscapes(i.e.,forestland,grassland,and other landscapes) in the Zoige Plateau.These natural wetland landscapes such as river,lake and marsh wetlands showed a net loss over the past four decades,whereas artificial wetland landscapes(i.e.,paddy field and reservoir and pond wetlands) showed a net decrease.The annual dynamic rate of the whole wetland landscape was 0.72%,in which the annual dynamic rate of river wetlands was the highest,followed by lake wetlands,while marsh wetlands had the lowest dynamic rate.The integrated landscape dynamic rate showed a decreasing trend in the first three periods.The changes in wetland landscape patterns were comprehensively controlled by natural factors and human activities,especially human activities play an important role in changing wetland landscape patterns.     

基于贝叶斯定理的地震危险性概率预测研究

由于地震孕育过程的复杂性和观测技术的局限性,不同地震观测资料表现出异常变化与后续较大地震的对应关系存在不确定性,因此对预测意见进行概率表达是一种科学恰当的做法。本文基于泊松分布的危险区背景地震概率预测和单项预测方法(包括测震、流体、形变、电磁等学科)的历史预测效能,采用贝叶斯定理计算得到单项预测方法的短期或年度地震危险概率预测结果,进而采用综合概率方法,给出基于多种单项预测方法的短期或年度地震危险概率预测结果。短期概率预测初步结果表明,2018年2～9月,中国大陆72%的5级以上地震都位于相对高概率预测区域。     

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