矿区地理信息系统数据采集的若干问题

本文在讨论了矿区地理信息系统数据质量的基础上．论述了MGIS数据采集的主要技术手段以及需要进一步研究和解决的问题。     

锗对几种微藻生长的影响

根据锗对微囊藻、聚球藻和钝顶螺旋藻生长影响的研究表明，锗对藻类生长的影响因种类而异：微囊藻对锗的耐受能力较强，在培养范围内（０￣２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３，ＧｅＯ２），锗对其生长具促进作用；钝顶螺旋藻的正常生长浓度要低于２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３，当锗浓度达２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时，生长受明显抑制；聚球藻对锗较敏感，锗浓度超过１２．５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时会抑制其生长，甚至起毒害作用。文中还探讨了锗对藻类生长影响与藻细胞所     

七种微藻蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成的比较

本文对来自４个门类的７种微藻的蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成进行了研究。结果表明,７种微藻中,钝顶螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）的蛋白质含量最高［４９． ８７５×１０~－２（ｍ／ｍ） ］,盐生杜氏藻（Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌｌａ ｓａｌｉｎａ）和 Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｔｓ ｓｐ．的蛋白质含量次之,分别为［２１．０３６、２２．７４２×１０~－２（ｍ／ｍ）］; ４种硅藻中除优美旭氏藻（Ｓ．ｄｅｌｉｃａｔｕｌａ）的蛋白质含量较高外［１９．５１９×１０~－２（ｍ／ｍ）］,其它三种硅藻的含量则较低。不同微藻的氨基酸组成和比例基本相似,但也存在一定的种间差异。此外,微藻的必需氨基酸比例还与长牡蛎（Ｃｒａｓｓｏｓｔｒｅａ ｇｉｇａｓ）幼体进行了比较,探讨了它们的饵料价值。     

辽东湾海冰光衰减特性

根据渤海海冰多年的调查资料以及现场测量数据,建立辽东湾海冰的辐射传输模式,进而研究辽东湾沿岸海冰的光衰减特性及其主要影响因素,并对可能的影响因素进行了讨论。结果表明,海冰中卤水泡的吸收(主要是短波400~600nm)、纯冰的吸收(主要是长波700～900nm)以及卤水泡和气泡的散射对海冰的光衰减系数有很大的影响。辐射传输模式的估算结果与实测数据的估算结果基本一致,这表明该模式适用于辽东湾海冰的光学特性研究。     

天气雷达三体散射长钉回波特征分析

利用2016—2020年中国中东部地区47个强对流个例中50部S波段多普勒天气雷达的基本反射率因子产品资料,在筛选出2626个样本的基础上,分析三体散射长钉（TBSS） 特征。结果表明： TBSS在1.5 km和5 km高度附近出现频次最高;在2.4°仰角出现频次最高。TBSS主要出现在雷达静锥区边缘至雷达径向距离210 km范围,在距离雷达115 km附近达到峰值;TBSS在雷达极坐标系中呈现南多北少、西多东少的形势;当对流风暴移动方向与雷达径向方向的夹角大于30°时有利于观测到TBSS。TBSS回波强度在起始端径向向外0~15 km范围内迅速降低至5 dBz,15 km之后在-5~10 dBz波动,TBSS区域中70%以上为低于25 dBz的弱回波;99%的TBSS长度小于40 km,不同长度的TBSS形态符合正态分布。TBSS出现频次和长度与强回波的中心最高值和区域面积没有显著相关关系。     

Sustainable transpression: An examination of strain and kinematics in deforming zones with migrating boundaries

Most orogenic belts owe their development to oblique convergence and commonly have many orogen-parallel transpressional high-strain zones. To constrain the tectonic history of orogenic belts by structural and fabric analysis of rocks, it is desirable to understand quantitatively the relationship between the boundary conditions and the resulting strain distribution and kinematics in these zones. Most current models for transpression assume homogeneous deformation confined by boundaries that are fixed to material planes. This creates a strain compatibility problem at the margins of the active deforming zone and also requires that the strain rate normal to the zone boundaries increase to implausibly high values soon after the onset of oblique convergence (transpressional motion). The latter contradicts with the observation that transpressional motion can be sustained throughout an orogeny. The assumption that zone boundaries are fixed to material planes is unrealistic. The outstanding problems of current transpressional models are resolved in this paper by allowing the zone boundaries to migrate through the rock material. The consequence of zone boundary migration for the strain field and kinematics within a transpressional high-strain zone is investigated mathematically. The implications of the modeling for fabric interpretation are discussed. The modeling makes general predictions consistent with observed planar and linear fabric patterns in natural transpressional high-strain zones. It predicts that foliations in transpressional high-strain zones are subparallel to the zone boundaries regardless of variation in the imposed boundary conditions. Lineations cluster along the great circle girdle subparallel to the average foliation. The spread of the lineations may vary from point maxima to complete girdles.     

剪切带运动学：重点评述三斜模式和区分韧性滑动擦痕与拉伸线理的重要性

详细评述了剪切带运动学和内部几何学研究的新进展。剪切带内的递进变形一般为三斜对称,单斜剪切带(包括简单剪切带)是特例情形。理论模拟表明,如同许多天然剪切带中所见到的,在三斜剪切带中,拉伸线理的方位可从近水平到平行于倾向连续变化。过去一般将拉伸线理的方向当作剪切运动方向的做法是以简单剪切模式为基础的,不适合于一般剪切带。在三斜剪切带中,拉伸线理和剪切方向之间不存在简单关系。然而,C面上的韧性滑动擦痕平行于剪切方向发育,是剪切方向的可靠标志。因此,在剪切带运动学解释中区分韧性滑动擦痕与拉伸线理非常重要。     

GIS在开采沉陷领域应用及与专业模型的结合

GIS在开采沉陷领域的应用可从数据与信息管理、基本空间分析、GIS与专业模型结合、空间决策支持系统建立四个层次进行。GIS与专业模型结合是目前最主要的应用方式，其实现方法包括基于数据传输的松散式结合、基于共同用户界面的表面无缝结合、内嵌式结合等，基于组件开发技术实现二者结合的方法最具前景，符合当前GIS发展的趋势。实践证明，GIS与开采沉陷专业模型结合具有明显的优越性。     

Reference frame, angular momentum, and porphyroblast rotation

Rotation of small rigid objects in a deforming ductile matrix can produce two different types of microstructure: a shape fabric due to alignment of the principal axes of a population of elongate objects and the inclusion trail microstructure preserved in syntectonic porphyroblasts. We use numerical modeling to show that inclusion trails of elongate porphyroblasts are expected to be extremely complex. In contrast, snowball garnets are readily interpretable. But misuse of reference frame and kinematic misconceptions have obfuscated the discussion on the formation of porphyroblast inclusion trails in general and snowball garnet inclusion trails in particular. We clarify this point. Models for snowball garnet formation that are based on the notion of garnets being irrotational with respect to the earth can be rejected on a geometrical and kinematic basis. Further, the notion that rigid objects embedded in a deforming ductile matrix generally do not rotate is unsound—it violates the fundamental physical law of balance of angular momentum.     

基于数学形态学的矿图扫描图像文字和符号的自动分离

从矿图扫描图像中实现线划图形与文字注记及点状符号的相互分离,是矿图扫描识别数字化技术的基本要求。本文依据数学形诚学原理,根据文字,符号自身的几何和拓扑特征,构造了系列形态变换模型,使用这些模型对扫描图像进行逐步处理,可从图像中自动地删除不同大小,方向及排列方式的文字和符号,从而得到分离的图形要素与文字,符号图像。实验结果表明,所构造的模型对独立文字和符号的分离十分有效。