A Medium/Long-Range Forecast of Pacific Subtropical High Based on Dynamic Statistic Model Reconstruction

Based on the 500-hPa geopotential height field series of T106 numerical forecast products,by empirical orthogonal function(EOF)time-space separation,and on the hypotheses of EOF space-models being stable, the EOF time coefficient series were taken as dynamical statistic model variables.The dynamic system reconstruction idea and genetic algorithm were introduced to make the dynamical model parameters opti- mized,and a nonlinear dynamic statistic model of EOF separating time coefficient series was established.By the model time integral and EOF time-space reconstruction,a medium/long-range forecast of subtropical high was carried out.The results show that the dynamical model forecast and T106 numerical forecast were approximately similar in the short-range forecast(≤5 days),but in the medium/long-range forecast (≥5 days),the forecast results of dynamical model was superior to that of T106 numerical products.A new method and idea were presented for diagnosing and forecasting complicated weathers such as subtropical high,and showed a better application outlook.     

珠三角北部一次暖区强降水过程中的地形作用

基于ERA5再分析资料、广东省风廓线雷达、雷达拼图产品和实况观测数据,分析了2020年6月7日夜间—8日珠三角（珠江三角洲）北部暖区强降水过程中主雨带与南岭南部地形走势一致的原因,阐释地形对此次强降水的触发和维持作用。结果表明：（1）此次过程发生在典型的暖区暴雨环流特征的背景下,主要影响系统为对流层中层弱短波槽扰动、低空急流和边界层急流脉冲等;（2）雷达回波表现为团状结构,多以对流单体形态生消,伴随明显的“列车效应”现象,但3个不同发展阶段内回波的持续时间、强度,以及触发地、传播和移动方向等均存在差异;（3）由于边界层西南（偏南）风增强和地形作用,新的对流单体在珠江口附近和珠三角西北侧被触发,同时由于南岭南侧地形对边界层暖湿气流的阻挡和拦截等作用,使得气流在珠三角北部形成明显的辐合抬升,造成该区域内对流单体移速减慢和汇聚,增强了降水强度;（4）强降水长时间的持续与海陆热力差异、冷池和边界层暖湿气流增强等引起的地面露点锋和中尺度辐合线有关。露点锋为强降水的发展和维持提供了热力不稳定条件,地面辐合线加强了对流层底层气流的辐合抬升,进一步增强了强降水区的降水强度。研究结果有助于认识珠三角北部...     

基于探地雷达的植物根系探测研究进展

植物根系在植物的生长发育、生态系统功能以及碳循环过程中具有重要作用,需要了解根系的直径大小、生物量、空间分布和三维构造等参数.传统的植物根系的探测方法具有破坏性,费时费力,而探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar,GPR)作为一种较新的地球物理方法,以其特有优势广泛应用于植物根系的探测.首先介绍了利用探地雷达探测植物根系的基本原理,然后对植物根系的制图、植物根径大小的估算、根系生物量的估算等几个方面的应用进展进行了综述,并从探地雷达系统、根系性质和土壤性质等不同角度探讨了影响探地雷达在植物根系探测中的主要因素,同时指出目前研究中的不足之处,今后的研究工作应侧重于探地雷达探测植物根系的作用机理及提高其在野外真实条件下的探测能力,以期为探地雷达在植物根系探测中应用的深入和推广提供思路.     

全球变暖背景下高山林线交错带的动态综述（英文）

高山林线交错带是亚高山森林与苔原之间、亚高山森林与无树草原之间的过渡带状区域,是生物多样性热点区域,具有营养物质输入源和低海拔生态系统的碳固存等不可替代的生态功能,提供着各种生态系统服务。与高山林线交错带相关的三种树线是树种线、林线和木材线。由于高山林线交错带占据了树种耐受温度极限的极端区域,对气候变化非常敏感,经常被用作植被对全球变暖响应的指标。随着全球气候变暖的加剧和不同气候区海拔梯度的变化,高山林线交错带中的树高和生物量也会发生显著变化。同时分布在全球不同气候带上的林线变化也表现出不同的规律,其中的原因包括温度升高程度的不一致、优势种和植物群落的不同、人为干扰程度的不同等。另外,关于林线推进的驱动因素也无一致的研究结果,不同气候区之间的研究结果可能会相互矛盾。然而,目前在气候变化下的高山林线发展领域,缺乏全面的综述。因此,本文从以下四个方面对此前的研究进行了总结,并探讨了高山林线动态变化的理论基础和挑战：（1）高山林线动态变化的生态功能和生态问题;（2）监测高山林线动态变化的研究方法;（3）全球不同气候区的林线迁移;（4）林线向上迁移的驱动因素。     

海南岛一次特大暴雨的数值研究

利用卫星资料、NCEP资料以及AREM模式输出资料,对发生在2008年10月中旬海南岛一次大暴雨过程进行了中尺度数值模拟分析。分析结果表明:AREM模式较好地模拟了本次大暴雨过程,当初始资料选取NCEP资料时模拟效果最佳;sθe等值线密集区以及位涡梯度最大区与暴雨中心相对应;暴雨中心700 hPa以下低层对应条件对称不稳定,其上至600 hPa为对流不稳定;条件对称不稳定对其上空的对流不稳定有触发作用;对热源〈Q1〉和水汽汇〈Q2〉分析得出,大值区与降水分布基本一致,凝结潜热的释放对大暴雨过程有反馈作用;位温垂直平流项对Q1起决定性作用,位温局地变化项及水平平流项对Q1的贡献不大。在Q2诸分量中,比湿水平平流项和垂直平流项共同作用于Q2,比湿局地变化项影响较小。     

三江盆地下侏罗统硅质岩中发现轻质油

<正>1研究目的(Objective)三江盆地位于黑龙江省东北部三江平原,盆地呈北东方向延伸,其油气勘探工作始于1959年,但目前还未取得油气勘探突破。中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心在三江盆地开展了油气基础地质调查,主要紧抓"四新"(新区、新领域、新层系、新类型),进行油气基础地质条件的研究。     

寒潮过程和海洋锋面影响南海西北部大气波导演变的个例分析

文章利用2012年冬季南海西北部的航次探空资料,研究了寒潮过程和海洋锋面对大气波导特征演变的共同影响。文中观测发现,航次期间的大气波导以悬空波导为主,平均波底高度约738.64m,平均厚度约185.17m,平均强度10.21M单位。观测前期,天气形势稳定,东北季风较弱,在锋面暖水区一侧的悬空波导较为深厚,且高度较低。其主要成因是大气边界层顶部925hPa至850hPa高度左右存在深厚的逆温层,且具有显著的日变化特征。航次中期的寒潮过程导致东北季风大幅增强,使得大气边界层顶部的逆温层被破坏,从而导致悬空波导显著变薄变弱。而锋面冷水区一侧,低水温抑制湍流发展导致大气修正折射率(M)的负梯度扰动较弱,较难形成稳定且有一定强度的波导层,且无显著日变化。但当东南暖湿气流覆盖锋面冷水区上空时,容易形成较稳定的表面波导。     

基于中医传承辅助平台探析史伟治疗IgA肾病的用药规律

目的：挖掘史伟教授治疗IgA肾病的用药规律,为中医治疗IgA肾病提供新思路。方法：回顾性收集史教授治疗IgA肾病的处方,筛选并建立IgA肾病方剂数据库,运用中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)软件挖掘其用药规律。结果：共纳入患者150 例,处方1099首,涉及中药225味。高频用药排名前10位的是茯苓、党参、黄芪、水蛭、白术、淫羊藿、杜仲、芡实、丹参、续断。功效以清热、收敛、利水渗湿为主。药性以温、平为主,药味以甘、苦味居多,多归脾、肝经。出现频率较高的药物组合为党参-茯苓、黄芪-茯苓、党参-黄芪等,演化得到核心组合8条,新处方4首。结论：史教授治疗IgA肾病强调脾肾同调,从脾补肾;标本兼顾,同时兼顾清热利湿;注重活血通络,擅用虫类药物化瘀通络。新处方符合史伟教授用药规律,为IgA肾病的临床治疗或科研提供了新思路。     

Distribution of dissolved inorganic arsenic and its seasonal variations in the coastal area of the east China sea

Water samples were collected in the coastal area of the Changjiang Estuary on four cruises from August 2002 to May 2003. The seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic arsenic （DIAs） distributions were analyzed. The results showed that the distributions of DIAs were mainly influenced by Water （KSSW）. The concentration of the total dissolved the terrestrial input and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Subsurface inorganic arsenic （TDIAs） decreased consecutively from winter to summer, while it increased in autumn. The distributions of TDIAs showed some relationships with salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM）. The relationships between DIAs speciation （including arsenite [ As（ Ⅲ ） ] and arsenate [ As（ Ⅴ ） ]）, biological activity and the availabilities of the phosphate were investigated in the study area for the cruise August 2002. The ratio of As （Ⅲ）/TDIAs increased with the decrease of phosphate concentrations. In the bottom water, the As（ Ⅲ ）/TDIAs ratio decreased with the increasing of N/P. The concentration of TDIAs decreased 28.7% approximately after the occurrence of harmful algal blooms （HAB） because of the uptake of arsenate by algae. Further study is needed about the arsenic source/sink relationships in their vertical or horizontal profiles and the uptake mechanism during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.     

Discovery and Geological Significance of Neoproterozoic Metamorphic Granite in Jimo, Shandong Province, Eastern China

During the 1:50000 regional geological survey in Jimo,east Shandong Province,Paleoproterozoic metamorphic supracrustal rocks and Neoproterozoic metamorphic plutonite were newly discovered. These rocks displayed inclusions which had occurred in the Mesozoic granite,and the main lithologies are schist,granulite,marble,and granitic gneiss. Geochemical analyses suggest that Neoproterozoic metamorphic plutonite are characterized by high-K,metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. They are enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE,with moderately enrichment of LREE,weak fractionation of LREE from HREE and negative Eu anomalies. The surface age of plutonic rocks in the survey area is 770.2±2.4 Ma,representing the age of magma crystallization,which is agreement with the the Neoproterozoic magmatic event after Rodinia supercontinent in the northern margin of Southern China continental block. In addition,the age of sporadic distribution(298 Ma and 269 Ma) is mixed zircon age,representing the rocks experienced metamorphism in Indosinian period. According to the associated mineral assemblages,and the characteristic metamorphic minerals and temperature pressure conditions,four metamorphic facies were identified,including amphibolitic,epidote amphibolite,greenschist,and mid-high pressure greenschist. Analysis of tectonic setting suggests that granitic gneiss is formed in an extensional environment and was involved from the continental margin magmatic arc to intraplate environment. Jimo is distributed in the east of Zhuwu fault,and has the same Spatial distribution location with the Weihai uplift UHP metamorphic belt rocks. The metamorphic rocks in Jimo area have similar geochemical characteristics of elements,tectonic setting and retrograde metamorphism with that in the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt. Therefore,Zhuwu fault may be the boundary fault of Sulu UHP metamorphic belt.