渤海海峡跨海通道建设与中国的地缘政治战略

回顾渤海海峡跨海通道建设研究的历史进程基础上,诠释了地缘政治理论与地缘政治战略,梳理了主要的中外地缘政治理论与地缘政治战略,明确指出地缘政治战略决定着大国竞争方向。中国是世界上地缘政治环境最复杂的国家,在中国周边长期存在着一个“V”字型地缘政治热点线,“V”字型地缘政治热点线贯穿中国周边的东南亚、东北亚、南亚、北亚、中亚五大地缘政治战略区,构成了中国的地缘政治“大棋局”。东南亚中国南海之争直接威胁到中国领土安全;目前东北亚已成为中国地缘政治关系热点中的热点;南亚存在着中印陆海长期之争;北亚俄罗斯将会成为战略合作伙伴;中亚复杂的地缘政治因素将长期影响着中国西北边疆的安全。研究表明,渤海海峡跨海通道建设对于中国实施地缘政治战略的重要意义在于：① 对下好中国的地缘政治“大棋局”起着重要的支撑作用;② 是“一带一路”战略破解美国亚太再平衡战略的重要构成要素;③ 对遏制东北亚局部战争、确保国家安全将发挥重要作用。渤海海峡跨海通道建设是一项世界级的大工程,投资建设的成本大,效益也大,同时风险也大。基于此,要汲取国内外世界级大工程建设的经验和教训,认真研究相关问题,不可急功近利草率上马。     

微生物岩研究的发展与展望

概述了微生物岩的定义、研究范围和实用意义；划分了早期启蒙阶段、古生物学派与现实主义（沉积）学派对立阶段、比较现实主义（沉积学）阶段和微生物沉积学阶段等４个研究发展阶段（涉及微生物岩的岩石、微生物、生态系、环境、分类和演化）；介绍了微生物礁丘、热泉沉积和磷铁锰微生物岩等研究热点；指出在构造类型、沉积环境、组成岩石和成因标志等方面的发展趋势；提出当前任务是要分析鉴定微生物岩的细菌化石，微生物成因的结构构造和矿物，标志元素、同位素和生物标志物，以及微生物生态系统和成岩成矿机理.     

40Ar(40Ar＊＋40ArE)、39Ar释气特征与过剩氩的甄别及年代学意义

对具有不同地质历史背景的3类⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar法样品中的⁴⁰Ar和³⁹Ar释出特征进行对比,研究结果表明,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar法样品中的⁴⁰Ar、³⁹Ar释气曲线主要表现为以下3种形式:完全重合型、过剩氩型和不规则型。当⁴⁰Ar与³⁹Ar释气曲线呈完全重合型时,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar法全熔年龄代表了岩体的形成年龄;当⁴⁰Ar、³⁹Ar释气曲线是过剩氩型时,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar法全熔年龄则大于岩体的形成年龄;当⁴⁰Ar与³⁹Ar释气曲线呈不规则型时,表明样品中的放射成固氩(⁴⁰Ar^*)发生了丢失,其全熔年龄一般较岩体的形成年龄小。对于⁴⁰Ar、³⁹Ar释气曲线呈过剩氩型的样品,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar法年龄谱通常呈马鞍形,且马鞍形年龄谱的底部年龄一般都具有地质意义,代表了岩体的形成年龄。对于⁴⁰Ar、³⁹Ar释气曲线呈不规则型的样品,对其年龄谱的解释应持谨慎态度。     

西沙群岛蟹类(梭子蟹科)的研究

在西沙群岛蟹类的种类组成中，栖息于潮间带的种类与栖息于浅海区的种类有很大的不同。梭子蟹科(Portunidae)是潮下带浅海区最为常见的类群之一。它们大都生活在礁盘的浅水中，常潜伏于珊瑚礁缝隙中或礁块下。梭子蟹科中的大部份种类，特别是Portunus，Thalamita与Charybdis三个属的所有种类，均可食。但迄今在西沙群岛所采到的标本，多系Portunus与Thalamita两属中的中、小型种类，真正具有经济价值的大型食用种类尚未发现。本篇包括梭子蟹科15种，其中包括1新种，有5种在我国为首次记录。     

斑头鱼Agrammus agrammus(Temminck et Schlegel)和铠平鱼由Sebastes hubbsi(Matsubara)核型研究

采用ＰＨＡ、秋水仙素活体注射，取肾细胞空气干燥法制片，研究斑头鱼（）和铠平鱼由（♀）的核型。其核型分别为２ｎ＝４８，７ｍ＋３３ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ，ＮＦ＝８８和２ｎ＝４８，３ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４３ｔ，ＮＦ＝５１。并且这两种鱼的核型中均有１条具次缢痕的染色体，因此形成异形染色体对。这是黄渤海鱼类染色体研究首次发现     

基于路网形态的上海住宿业空间布局特征

采用中心性模型、空间自相关理论、核密度法等,从城市路网形态角度分析上海市住宿业的空间格局特征及其与路网结构的空间响应关系。结果发现,上海市住宿业分布具有空间集聚性、类型分异性和距离衰减性,集聚核心与路网节点密度核心一致,主要围绕中心城区形成一级集聚核,星级酒店集聚分布在中心城区,经济型酒店和旅馆在一级集聚核外形成多个散状集聚核心,旅馆集聚依附性较为明显,民宿集聚度最高。不同类型的住宿设施分布存在较显著的空间相关性,对路网依赖性具有多元性,受路网影响的程度不同,道路连接值较高的区域交通可达性较好,住宿设施密度也相应较高。经济型酒店受到城市路网相对可达性和直线型交通效率的依赖最大,旅馆和民宿对于路网节点间通达性的依赖相对较大。住宿业发展要在产品偏好设计的前提下兼顾城市路网结构和消费需求进行合理选址,以实现综合效益最大化。     

基于XGBoost的多源降水数据融合方法研究

气象站点观测降水难以精确反映降水时空分布与变化,而雷达降水存在复杂地形区域精度不高等问题。为了最大限度发挥两者的优势,文章以广东省北部山区为研究区域,选择2018-08-26—30一次暴雨过程为研究对象,结合地形、与海岸线距离、植被指数、经纬度等地表辅助参量,分析地面站点降水与地表辅助参量、雷达降水的相关关系,利用XGBoost算法与克里金插值方法,构建地面-雷达日降水数据融合模型,得到了空间分辨率为1 km的日降水融合数据集。此外,采用多元线性回归（LM）与克里金插值方法,实现了地面-雷达日降水数据的融合,并利用地面降水数据分别对XGBoost与LM日降水融合性能进行精度验证。结果表明：1）地面降水与雷达降水存在显著的正相关,地面降水与地表辅助参量之间的相关性随时间变化;2）XGBoost预测精度整体上高于LM预测结果;经模型残差校正后,XGBoost融合模型的精度整体上优于LM融合模型,这是因为XGBoost方法在捕捉地面降水与地表辅助参量、雷达降水之间关系性能上优于LM方法。     

Performance of Hybrid SCA-RF and HHO-RF Models for Predicting Backbreak in Open-Pit Mine Blasting Operations

Natural Resources Research - Backbreak is an adverse phenomenon in blasting operation, which can cause, among others, mine walls instability, falling down of machinery, drilling efficiency...     

Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Environmental Pollutants on Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide, as an emerging material for contaminants removal,possesses relatively large specific surface area, and it shows good dispersion in water phase due to the hydrophilicessence resulted from abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the edge, thus leading to a potential excellent adsorbent. Current studies revealthat, because graphene oxide is negatively-charged in a wide range of pHs, the removal efficiency of heavy metals and cationic dyes by graphene oxide is significantly higher than by traditional adsorbents, like activated carbon. However, its applications are still limited due to its structural defects. For example, its π domain is destructed during fabrication process. Therefore, certain structural modifications need to be conducted on the purpose of improving its performance, achieving a better result in water purification. This paper presented the preparation and structure of graphene oxide, and reviewed the adsorption behaviors, adsorption mechanisms, adsorption models and influence factors of heavy metals and organic pollutants on graphene oxide and its composites, respectively. In view of unresolved issues, further research should focus on comprehensive adsorption mechanisms, more facile and effectivemethods for structural modifications and the treatment of graphene oxide after adsorption process.     

Comparative Analysis of Risk Assessment of Landslides and Debris Flows of China in 2000 and 2010

Landslides and debris flows occurr in China frequently and cause disastrous losses of life and property. The risk assessment of landslides and debris flows and their spatial variations were comparatively analyzed in this paper, which has great significance for disaster prevention. This article selected 1 km×1 km grid as the assessment unit and with support of GIS technique, analyzed landslide and debris-flow risk distribution and their spatial variations from 2000 to 2010. The research results indicated that the spatial distribution of risk classes in 2000 and 2010 was obviously discrepant. Overall, taking the Heihe-Tengchong population density line as the boundary, the west of the line is mainly low risk area; the east of the line is mainly high risk area. Compared with the risk of 2000, the risk values of 2010 increased, with the high risk area and low risk area enlarged, moderate risk area reduced. The moderate risk area is the most unstable and sensitive risk area, and its risk class variation is significant. However, China is not a region with the high risk of landslide and debris-flow hazard at present. In the following next 10 years, the risk of landslides and debris flows in China will continue to increase.