鄱阳湖流域农业生态环境变迁及其启示

为研究农业开发与生态环境的关系,总结不同历史时期鄱阳湖流域农业生态环境特征及其演变特征.其总体特征反映在森林、土地、水、生物资源和生态环境建设方面.生态环境变迁历史对该流域农业发展具有重要的启示.     

中国南部二叠、三叠纪“混生生物群”及二叠、三叠系界线

本文系统描述了中国南部二叠、三叠纪“混生生物群”。根据笔者的统计,目前巳经发现有“二叠纪型”分子36属53种与三叠纪菊石、双壳类、牙形剌共生。 笔者认为中国南部可以以牙形剌Anchignathodus parvus 的出现作为三叠系的底界,双壳类Pteria ussurica variabilis,菊石 Hypophiceras的出现可以作为三叠系开始的辅助标志。文中还将这一界线与世界上其它地区的二叠、三叠系界线进行了对比。     

渤海湾盆地大型基岩潜山储层特征及其控制因素 ——以渤中19-6凝析气田为例

渤中19-6气田是渤海湾盆地近期发现的规模最大的深层变质基岩凝析气田,探明储量超过千亿立方米,气柱高度超1000 m,现今埋深大于4000 m,储层规模大但非均质性强.基于三维地震、钻井、测井以及薄片资料,明确了基岩潜山储层的发育特征,并探讨了优质储层形成的主控因素.结果表明:基岩潜山以太古宇变质花岗岩为主要的储集岩性...     

广西大厂矿田铜坑深部隐伏矿体立体定量预测建模与可视化研究

广西大厂矿田长坡-铜坑矿区矿床形成与分布的主要控制因素有地层岩性、岩浆岩体和断层、褶皱构造.结合大厂矿田多年来积累的地质资料信息,提取了钻孔、坑道采样化验数据与地质体的几何取点等矿床隐伏矿体预测专题数据,建立了各种地质体几何模型;以此为基础进行控矿地质条件的定量分析,以立体单元形式对地质空间进行分割抽样,提取了立体单元控矿作用定量化指标;通过一种有效的矿床三雏数学模型建立方法,对矿床地下三维空间中隐伏矿体进行了定位、定量预测和结果验证,并开发了预测结果的三维可视化动态查询系统.     

富橄榄石的富Ca,Al组分集合体的矿物岩石学特征及对比研究

富Ca,Al包体、球粒和蠕虫状橄榄石集合体都是早期星云事件的产物。本文探讨了4个富橄榄石的富Ca,Al组分集合体的矿物岩石学特征,并对它们进行了对比。矿物岩石学特征表明含橄榄石边的富尖晶石—辉石型包体和富Ca,Al组分蠕虫状橄榄石集合体都属于星云直接凝聚的产物,而富钙长石—橄榄石型包体(POI)和富Ca,Al组分球粒经历过熔融结晶过程。矿物模式组成表明POI包体和富Ca,Al组分球粒可能是认识典型富Ca,Al包体与球粒之间相互关系的钥匙。蠕虫状橄榄石集合体GRV022459-2C1中尖晶石普遍具有高的FeO含量,表明其蚀变发生于高氧逸度的星云环境。球粒与粗粒富Ca,Al包体可能属于同一热事件的产物,粗粒富Ca,Al包体形成于富Ca,Al矿物富集的区域,Mg,Fe质硅酸盐球粒形成于富Ca,Al矿物缺失的区域,POI包体和富Ca,Al组分球粒可能形成于上述两个区域之间的过渡区域。     

甘肃酒西盆地早白垩世两种Elatides化石微细构造

现已绝灭的古老松柏类植物似纵属Elatides在中生代北半球中高纬度植被组成研究上具有重要意义。甘肃酒西盆地早白垩世地层中发现了Elatides的营养枝和雌球果,并保存有较好的碳膜,对它们进行了详细的宏观形态和微细特征研究。根据营养枝、叶角质层、花粉、球果、苞鳞和种子的特征,鉴定这些化石为2个种：Elatides harrisii Chow和Elatides curvifolia (Dunker) Nathorst。其中：Elatides harrisii的突出特征是,花粉球形且具乳状小突起、表面光滑无纹饰,侧面观具褶皱;Elatides Curvifolia的显著特点为,着生于苞鳞腹面基部的种鳞先端三裂,具三枚胚珠。这些特征与现生杉木Cunninghamia非常相似,推论Elatides与现生Cunninghamia可能具有亲缘关系。通过对Elatides地质历史和地理分布的研究,发现该属的演化方向与中生代大陆漂移的方向具可比性,因而为板块构造学说提供了又一古生物学佐证。     

Regional Fault Systems of Qaidam Basin and Adjacent Orogenic Belts

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional fault systems of Qaidam basin and ad-jacent orogenic belts. Field investigation and seismic interpretation indicate that five regional fault sys-tans occurred in the Qaidam and adjacent nment.qin belts, controlling the development and evolution of the Qaidam basin. These fault systems are: (1)north Qaidam-Qilian Mountain fault system; (2) south Qaidam-East Kunhm Mountain fault system;（3）Altun strike-slip fault system; (4) Elashan strike-slip fault system, and (5) Gansen-Xiaochaidan fault system. It is indicated that the fault systems controlled the orientation of the Qaidam basin, the formation and distribution of secondary faults within the basin,the migration of depocenters and the distribution of hydrocarbon accmnulation belt.     

Geochemical characteristics,cooling history and mineralization significance of Zhangtiantang pluton in South Jiangxi Province,P.R. China

The zircon SHRIMP dating of the Zhangtiantang granite gave an age of 159±7 Ma., which shows that the granite was produced at the early Late Jurassic. The Ar-Ar plateau ages of biotite and K-feldspar from the Zhangtiantang pluton are 153.2±1.1 Ma and 135.8±1.2 Ma, respectively. The Ar-Ar anti-isochrone ages of biotite and K-feldspar are 152.5±1.7Ma and 135.4±2.7Ma, respectively. The ages represent the isotopic closure ages of minerals in the pluton. The Zhangtiantang granites are regarded as peraluminous crust-derived type granites to possess the typical geochemical characteristics of calc-alkaline rocks on continental margin, with enriched Si, K, Al (average value of A/CNK as 1.18), HREE, Rb, U, and Th, heavily depleted V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ti, Nb-Ta, Zr, Sr, P, and Ba, strongly negative Eu and common corundum normative (average value of C as 1.84). The εNd_(t) values of the Zhangtiantang granite are −5.84 to −7.79, and t _2DM values are 1.69 to 1.83 Ga, which indicates partial melting of continental-crust metamorphic sedimentary rocks during the Middle Proterozoic. The cooling history of the Zhangtiantang granitic pluton indicates that the cooling velocity of pluton was faster (about 67°C/Ma) from zircon (158 Ma) to biotite (152 Ma), and was slower (about12°C/Ma) from biotite (152.5 Ma) to K-feldspar (135.8 Ma). It can be deduced that the temporal gap (about 10 Ma) between the granite formmation and W-Sn mineralization in South China may be related to ordinary magma-hydrothermal processes by the variational cooling curve of the pluton. The Zhangtiantang pluton was formed in a compressive setting, with differentiation evolution and mineralization occurring in a relative relaxation setting.     

桐柏碰撞造山带及其邻区变形特征与构造格局

桐柏碰撞造山带及其邻区可以划分为九个大地构造单元,自北向南分别是:华北克拉通南缘岩石构造单元——宽坪岩群、具弧后盆地性质的二郎坪岩石构造单元、具岛弧性质的秦岭杂岩单元、龟山岩组和南湾岩组构成的俯冲前缘楔构造带、构造混杂岩带、桐柏北部高压岩片单元、桐柏核部杂岩单元、桐柏南部高压岩片单元以及随州构造变形带。根据详细的构造解析以及新的地质年代学资料,本文将中生代以来的构造变形划分为五幕,前两幕变形主要发育在构造混杂岩带以南的各个岩石构造单元中,之后的三幕变形则波及整个研究区。第一幕变形的时间约为255～238Ma,以发育区域上透入性的片理及北西西向的拉伸线理为主,并导致了高压岩片早期自西向东的挤出。第二幕变形的时间约为230～215Ma,以自北向南的逆冲推覆构造为主,使得高压岩片进一步垂向抬升。第三幕变形应早于下侏罗统,以近北西西向的宽缓褶皱为主要特征,该幕变形期间桐柏核部杂岩及其两侧高压岩片单元发生同步的抬升。第四幕变形大致发生在140～130Ma之间,主要表现为桐柏核部杂岩两侧走滑型韧性剪切带的活动,桐柏核部杂岩表现出向东的挤出。第五幕变形发生在120～80Ma,表现为北西向及北东向的脆性断裂活动,并切割以上所有构造形迹。桐柏高压岩片的抬升剥露受多幕变形控制,呈阶段性的抬升。     

Irrigation-induced loess flow failure in Heifangtai Platform,North-West China

Because the construction of dams and hydro-electric power stations of Liujiaxia and Yanguoxia across the Yellow River in West Gansu Province, North-West China, inhabitants in the reservoir areas were resettled in Heifangtai Loess Platform. Irrigation thus started in 1968. Perched water table was significantly raised and resulted in many loess flow failures in the past 30 years. This type of landslide was often featured by long runout distance, high speed and recurrence. Laboratory tests along ICU and CSD stress paths were performed. It is shown that the loess has a strong strain-softening behavior and instability can occur in drained condition before undrained liquefaction. The failure mechanism of loess flow can be interpreted as the following process: with increasing perched water table, collapse in loess was first triggered in drained condition and led to undrained loading to adjacent soil in the lower saturated part of the loess platform. Under gravity loading applied by upper dry loess, undrained flow failure mobilized, eventually.