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981.
基于MSAVI-WI特征空间的新疆渭干河-库车河流域绿洲土壤盐渍化研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
土壤盐渍化是造成干旱区土地荒漠化及生态恶化的重要原因,及时获取大尺度高精度土壤盐渍信息是防治工作的基础。选取新疆塔里木盆地北缘渭干河—库车河流域三角洲绿洲为研究区,利用Lansat-TM数据与野外实测数据分析盐渍化土壤与修改型土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)、湿度指数(WI)之间的关系,在此基础上提出了MSAVI-WI特征空间概念,构建了土壤盐渍化遥感监测指数模型(MWI)。结果表明:MWI与土壤表层含盐量相关性较高,其相关性为0.844,精度高于土壤盐渍监测常用的盐分指数与实测数据的相关性。MWI能较好的反映盐渍化土壤地表植被及土壤水分的组合变化,具有明确的生物物理意义,并且特征参量简单,理论上易于理解,实践上易于实现,MWI模型的构建有利于干旱区大尺度土壤盐渍化定量监测与评价工作的开展。 相似文献
982.
洪涝灾害损失评估是防洪减灾科学决策的基础,其中洪水淹没分析是准确提取洪水淹没范围、水深及历时等灾情信息的关键。洪水淹没分析主要采用数字高程模型数据,由于DEM的格网分辨率与高程精度有限,常出现异常的洼地或平地,导致难以可靠地计算每个格网点处的流向,而传统方法采用统一高程的洼地填平处理又使得容易出现洪水演进过程中复杂起伏地形水面爬坡以及平坦地形水位断流的问题,为此提出顾及流速和淹没时间的自适应逐点水位修正算法,即在DEM坡面流模拟的基础上,根据洪水水流特性、地形、边界变化、水流速度、水深变化以及淹没点的淹没时间,计算水位修正值,对洪水演进过程中每个格网点的水位进行修正,采用多种地貌类型的DEM数据进行试验,证明洪水演进的淹没范围、水深及历时的实时计算结果准确可靠,可为快速评估灾害损失与防洪决策服务提供更为科学的依据。 相似文献
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986.
Zhaoliang ZENG Zemin WANG Minghu DING Xiangdong ZHENG Xiaoyu SUN Wei ZHU Kongju ZHU Jiachun AN Lin ZANG Jianping GUO Baojun ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(9):1497-1509
Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R~2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m~(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m~(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere. 相似文献
987.
Initial condition and model errors both contribute to the loss of atmospheric predictability. However, it remains debatable which type of error has the larger impact on the prediction lead time of specific states. In this study, we perform a theoretical study to investigate the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local prediction lead time of given states in the Lorenz model. Using the backward nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent method, the prediction lead time,also called local backward predictability limit(LBPL), of given states induced by the two types of errors can be quantitatively estimated. Results show that the structure of the Lorenz attractor leads to a layered distribution of LBPLs of states. On an individual circular orbit, the LBPLs are roughly the same, whereas they are different on different orbits. The spatial distributions of LBPLs show that the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local backward predictability depend on the locations of given states on the dynamical trajectory and the error magnitudes. When the error magnitude is fixed, the differences between the LBPLs vary with the locations of given states. The larger differences are mainly located on the inner trajectories of regimes. When the error magnitudes are different, the dissimilarities in LBPLs are diverse for the same given state. 相似文献
988.
The record-breaking mei-yu in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) in 2020 was characterized by an early onset, a delayed retreat, a long duration, a wide meridional rainbelt, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainstorm processes. It is noted that the East Asian monsoon circulation system presented a significant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during the mei-yu season of 2020 that was associated with the onset and retreat of mei-yu, a northward shift and stagnation of the rainbelt, and the occurrence and persistence of heavy rainstorm processes. Correspondingly, during the mei-yu season, the monsoon circulation subsystems, including the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the upper-level East Asian westerly jet, and the low-level southwesterly jet, experienced periodic oscillations linked with the QBWO. Most notably, the repeated establishment of a large southerly center, with relatively stable latitude, led to moisture convergence and ascent which was observed to develop repeatedly. This was accompanied by a long-term duration of the mei-yu rainfall in the YHRV and frequent occurrences of rainstorm processes. Moreover, two blocking highs were present in the middle to high latitudes over Eurasia, and a trough along the East Asian coast was also active, which allowed cold air intrusions to move southward through the northwestern and/or northeastern paths. The cold air frequently merged with the warm and moist air from the low latitudes resulting in low-level convergence over the YHRV. The persistent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean is found to be an important external contributor to an EAP/PJ-like teleconnection pattern over East Asia along with an intensified and southerly displaced WPSH, which was observed to be favorable for excessive rainfall over YHRV. 相似文献
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990.
分形滤波技术在新疆黄山-镜儿泉镍铜成矿带中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了深化新疆黄山-镜儿泉镍铜成矿带的成矿地质认识, 进一步确定找矿勘查方向, 采用多重分形滤波技术, 对该地区水系沉积物或岩屑地球化学测量数据中的Ni元素进行分析, 结果显示研究区西北部吐哈盆地具有高背景、弱异常且异常分散的特点; 中部康古尔大断裂带以及研究区东南部具有低背景、强异常、且异常呈带状分布的特点; 这可能是由于, 石炭世晚期至二叠纪早期的地幔柱事件在研究区中部和东南部沿深大断裂有大量玄武岩喷溢, 到新生代被剥蚀运移到西北部地形较低的吐哈盆地, 而在原地只残留其根部造成的。中部和东南部带状分布的Ni异常是可能的找矿有利地段。 相似文献