Examining Forest Net Primary Productivity Dynamics and Driving Forces in Northeastern China During 1982–2010

Forest net primary productivity （NPP） is a key parameter for forest monitoring and management. In this study, monthly and annual forest NPP in the northeastern China from 1982 to 2010 were simulated by using Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model with normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） sequences derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） Global Invento y Modeling and Mapping Studies （GIMMS） and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） products. To address the problem of data inconsistency between AVHRR and MODIS data, a per-pixel unary linear regres- sion model based on least ~;quares method was developed to derive the monthly NDVI sequences. Results suggest that estimated forest NPP has mean relative error of 18.97% compared to observed NPP from forest inventory. Forest NPP in the northeastern China in- creased significantly during the twenty-nine years. The results of seasonal dynamic show that more clear increasing trend of forest NPP occurred in spring and awmnn. This study also examined the relationship between forest NPP and its driving forces including the climatic and anthropogenic factors. In spring and winter, temperature played the most pivotal role in forest NPR In autumn, precipitation acted as the most importanl factor affecting forest NPP, while solar radiation played the most important role in the summer. Evaportran- spiration had a close correlation with NPP for coniferous forest, mixed coniferous broadleaved forest, and broadleaved deciduous forest. Spatially, forest NPP in the Da Hinggan Mountains was more sensitive to climatic changes than in the other ecological functional re- gions. In addition to climalie change, the degradation and improvement of forests had important effects on forest NPP. Results in this study are helpful for understanding the regional carbon sequestration and can enrich the cases for the monitoring of vegetation during long time series.     

黄海、渤海埋藏古河道区沉积物的地球化学特征

晚更新世以来,我国北方陆架海区受冰川气候变化的影响,曾经发生过多次沧桑变化及陆海变迁,黄海、渤海陆架区在冰川时期多次裸露成陆。当时陆架区发育的河流受后期海平面上升的影响而淹没在海底,进而埋藏于不同厚度的海相沉积物之下,成为陆架区的埋藏古河道。Лeнд?epr(1972)曾认为低海面时期黄河只流入渤海而没有进入黄海,在黄海北部发现的古河道是古鸭绿江。近代我国陆架海区古地理环境变迁的研究中,又有许多关于埋藏古河道的报道(耿秀山,1981;秦蕴珊等,1988;李凡等,1991);根据古河道出现的地理位置,以及部分沉积学标志提出,晚更新世末期低海面时期,古黄河曾经在南黄海陆架自北向南流动(李凡等,1993)。杨子赓(1985)根据浅地层地球物理测量资料推测,末次冰期低海面时期古长江自苏北弶港附近向北东方向延伸,可达北纬34°30′左右。近年来又有人提出,末次冰期时期气侯寒冷、干燥,陆架区处沙漠化环境。这样,晚更新世末期,渤海、黄海陆架区有无河流,陆架上发现的古河道是哪个水系的河流等便引起许多学者的思考。关于晚更新世末期的古地理环境问题尚有待于深入调査研究。然而,近期多次发表的大量高分辨地球物理调查结果表明,渤海、黄海和东海陆架区在晚更新世末期低海面时期有埋藏古河道已经基本上达到共识。在此基础上进一步确定埋藏古河道的属性,即研究古河道属于哪个水系已经成为研究我国北方陆架海区沉积作用发育历史的重要任务。本文旨在根据埋藏古河道区的样品,采用地球化学方法分析其物质来源,进而判断古河道的属性。     

Effects of NO and different media on the growth of prorocentrum micans

1Introduction NOisadiffusible,gaseousfreeradicalthatplaysimportantrolesinanimalsandplants.Itfunctionsin diseaseresistance,abioticstress,celldeath,respira tion,senescence,rootdevelopments,germinationandhormoneresponses.Itisanunusualsignalinthatitis areactive,lipophilicandvolatilefreeradicalthatcanbecytotoxic.ThewidespreadbiologicalsignificanceofnitricoxidewasrecognizedbySciencein1992whichnamedthefreeradicalNO‘Moleculeoftheyear’,andin1998theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyandMedicinewasawardedforwor…     

鄂尔多斯盆地马五5亚段沉积微相分布及演化

岩性及沉积环境的差异是鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统马家沟组马五5亚段储层非均质性的重要因素,根据岩石类型、沉积构造及颜色等特征及其与沉积微相的关系,研究区马五5亚段可分为盆缘坪和台内盆地两个亚相及缘内（膏）云质洼地、缘内云坪、缘内灰坪、缘内云灰-灰云坪、盆地（膏）云质洼地、灰云-云灰质盆地及灰质盆地等微相。沉积微相平面上表现为,马五5²时期,鄂尔多斯盆地基底抬升,中央古隆起带露出水面;北部地区发育缘内云坪-云质洼地、缘内灰云-云灰坪和灰质盆地;西部地区为缘内云坪-云质洼地、缘内灰云-云灰坪;中部地区为灰质盆地,间夹云灰盆地及盆内云质洼地;马五5¹时期,北部地区主要发育缘内云坪-云质洼地;西部地区为缘内云坪-云质洼地;中部地区为灰质盆地及盆内云质洼地。盆缘坪和台内盆地的低洼处有利于发生同生期后回流渗透白云化作用,对生成较大规模的泥粉晶白云岩具有重要的意义。     

晋城市冬、春季PM2.5和PM10污染水平时空分布及其与气象因子的关系

为深入了解晋城市颗粒物浓度时空分布特征,对晋城市2017年12月至2018年5月国控点、小型站和微型站PM2.5及PM10小时浓度数据进行收集整理,并进行空间插值分析和时间变化趋势分析及与气象监测数据的相关分析。结果表明:颗粒物浓度在冬、春季节具有明显差异,冬季PM10与PM2.5高值区主要位于东北部及东南小部分区域,春季PM10高值区位于城区南部区域,PM2.5高值区主要集中于城区。晋城市城区和郊区PM10与PM2.5月均浓度整体呈单峰型变化,PM10在4月份最高(157.54±5.67μg·m^-3),PM2.5在1月份最高(94.08±2.25μg·m^-3)。冬季PM2.5/PM10平均为0.57,春季平均为0.45。颗粒物小时浓度的变化呈现单峰单谷的型式,冬季PM10与PM2.5小时平均浓度最高值均出现在10时,春季均出现在09时。监测期间晋城市PM10与PM2.5的小时浓度值与相对湿度有较高的正相关性(p<0.01),与风速、风向有较高的负相关性(p<0.01),与温度和气压的相关性较低。冬季,东北至正南风向时,PM10与PM2.5的浓度普遍高于西北风向时的浓度,对晋城冬、春季国控点颗粒物浓度贡献率最高的风向风速为东南偏南风向,风速在1 m/s以内。     

莱西市砂礓黑土综合改良研究

砂礓黑土占莱西市总耕地面积的34.1%,面积大且分布广,根据砂礓黑土所处自然条件、形成和分布,全面科学地分析了砂礓黑土低产的原因,结合科学试验,提出了增施有机肥、科学施肥等综合改良措施。     

Study on copper complexing ligand concentrations in several China’s coastal waters

1 Introduction It is well established that trace metals can exist in the environment for a long time, which will affect the ecosystem greatly (Baeyens et al., 1998; Kremling, 1983; Rozen et al., 2000). The transport, bioavailabili- ty, fate and toxicity o…     

大亚湾珊瑚礁痕量金属的研究

作者采用阳极溶出伏安法测定大亚湾珊瑚礁痕量金属铜、铅、镉的含量 ,并讨论了相关的影响因素。测定结果发现 :A组、B组珊瑚礁礁体中铜、铅、镉的含量从里到外有递增的趋势 ,这与近年来大亚湾水体中铜、铅、镉含量的变化是一致的。而 A组珊瑚礁变化明显 ;B组珊瑚礁礁体中铜、铅、镉含量呈现较复杂的变化。分析认为 ,这是因珊瑚礁的形成受多种因素影响所致 :(1)海水组成对珊瑚礁化学成分的影响 ;(2 )海洋生物种类、数量及其矿物组成是制约元素分布的主要因素 ;(3)陆源碎屑组分对大亚湾珊瑚礁的化学组成有一定的影响。各因素在不同情况下所起的作用不同。     

The intraseasonal oscillations of precipitation and circulations from January to March in 2010 in East Asia

The rainfall from January to March in 2010 in East Asia is positive anomaly and the temporal evolution characteristics present the cycle of 20–40 days. In the present paper, the low-frequency circulations and its formation mechanism are analyzed. The results show that during the peak rainfall phase, the upstream of the rainfall regions is controlled by low-frequency cyclone, and the downstream is controlled by low-frequency anticyclone in the middle and low troposphere. In the upper troposphere, the westerly jet presents the oscillation characteristics between the north and the south. Both the integrated (from the surface to 100 hPa) diabatic heating and the horizontal vorticity advection contribute to the vertical velocity. In addition, the vorticity vertical advection has effects on the vertical speed, which is a self-feedback process. The latent heating in the precipitation has influences on the westerly jet in the upper troposphere. The interactions between the precipitation and the westerly jet are mainly manifested as the intraseasonal oscillations.