区域性地图集的设计创意——以《江苏省可持续发展地图集》为例

信息时代的地图集编制无论在理论上还是在实践上都有着巨大的创新空间。区域地图集旨在反映区域的主要特征,为区域研究和决策提供依据。在区域性综合地图集的设计中,我们把区域可持续发展的观念作为切入点,运用综合制图的概念对区域相关数据进行信息重组和数据挖掘,从而体现现代地图功能飘移的思路。同时应用数字地图集编制系统,为地图集数据的更新,多方利用创造条件。     

基于中望CAD的CGCS2000坐标系的转换

由于CGCS2000坐标系全面启动,现有的地理信息成果均需转换为2000国家大地坐标系.本文基于中望CAD绘图软件,利用VisualLISP编程技术,对不同城市坐标系下DWG格式的数据与CGCS2000坐标系转换进行了探讨.     

Production of dimethylsulfide and acrylic acid from dimethylsulfoniopropionate during growth of three marine microalgae

We measured the concentrations of dimethylsulfide （DMS）, acrylic acid （AA）, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate （DMSP） during growth of three microalgae： Prorocentrum micans, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Platymonas subcordiformis. The DMSP, AA, and DMS concentrations in culture media varied significantly among algal growth stages, with the highest concentrations in the late stationary growth stage or the senescent stage. In the stationary growth stage, the average DMSP concentration per cell in P. micans （0.066 5 pmol/cell） was 1.3 times that in G. oceanica （0.049 5 pmol/ cell） and 20.2 times that in P. subcordiformis （0.003 29 pmol/cell）. The average concentrations of AA were 0.044 6, 0.026 9, and 0.003 05 pmol/cell in P. micans, G. oceanica, and P. subcordiformis, respectively, higher than the concentrations of DMS （0.272, 0.497, and 0.086 2 fmol/cell, respectively）. There were significant positive correlations between cell density and AA, DMSP, and DMS concentrations. The ratios of DMS/AA and AA/（DMSP＋AA） in the three algae differed significantly over the growth cycle. In all three microalgae, the DMS/AA ratios were less than 25% during the growth period, suggesting that the enzymatic cleavage pathway, which generates DMS, was not the main DMSP degradation pathway. The changes in the DMS/AA ratio indicated that there was a higher rate of enzymatic breakdown of DMSP in the early growth period and a lower rate during senescence. In all three microalgae, the AA/（DMSP＋AA） ratio （degradation ratio of DMSP） decreased during the exponential growth phase, and then increased. The variations in these ratios can approximately indicate the cleavage mechanism of DMSP at different stages of algal growth.     

基于PCA-SVM算法对稀土元素与稀土判别指标耦合数据集的铀矿床分类

不同类型铀矿床的沥青铀矿/晶质铀矿具有不同的稀土元素组成,其组成可作为判别铀矿床类型的重要指标。采用基于Python语言的主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）与支持向量机（support vector machines,SVM）结合的分类模型,对收集到的全球已知6种类型铀矿床的216组沥青铀矿/晶质铀矿稀土元素数据进行研究。以216组数据为训练集,通过数据清洗、特征缩放、PCA特征提取、网格搜索和交叉验证参数寻优构建SVM分类模型,对24组同变质型胡家峪晶质铀矿进行智能识别。研究结果显示：仅使用稀土元素的14维训练集最优模型判定胡家峪晶质铀矿类型的测试准确率为0.4%;由稀土元素、稀土总量、轻重稀土比、铕异常组成的17维训练集最优模型的测试准确率为75.0%,较14维训练集提高74.6%,模型泛化能力强;而通过传统稀土元素配分曲线、w（ΣREE）-（LREE/HREE）_N图解不能有效判定胡家峪晶质铀矿类型。本次研究表明,PCA-SVM算法对增有传统稀土判别指标数据集进行挖掘可有效厘定铀氧化物成因类型,效果明显优于单纯的稀土元素数据集以及传统的稀土配分曲线、w（ΣREE）-（LREE/HREE）_N图解。     

赤道印度洋海温异常与偶极子季节变化特征

利用Scripps海温再分析资料,对赤道印度洋0～400m深度范围内海温变化和偶极子异常变化特征进行了初步分析。结果显示,赤道印度洋上层海温呈现西低东高,而次表层以下海温则为西高东低。同时发现,温跃层是赤道印度洋上、下层很好的分界面。温跃层之上海温变化受海气相互作用明显,之下海温变化主要受海洋自身的运动影响。赤道印度洋偶极子现象存在于各个深度,其偶极子指数变化存在半年周期,季节变化表现为双峰双谷型,并从深层（400m）向表层传递。分析发现,海气相互作用不是表层赤道印度洋偶极子变化的决定因素。较深层偶极子变化决定于海洋自身的运动变化特征（如洋流）,并向上层传输,进而影响上层偶极子的异常变化。赤道印度洋偶极子指数由西印度洋和东印度洋海温变化共同制约,但西印度洋海温变化起主导作用,东印度洋仅起到加强或减弱偶极子强度变化的作用。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性及理化性质鉴定

为了探索南极可培养土壤微生物的多样性,本研究对中国第31次南极科学考察采集自南极菲尔德斯半岛的5份土壤样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养。选择形态差异较大的细菌和真菌进行了16S rDNA和ITS鉴定及系统发育分析。最终共鉴定得到20个属的33株细菌和6个属的8株真菌,其中8株细菌,10株真菌序列相似性较低,可能是新种。该结果表明南极菲尔德斯半岛地区具有丰富的微生物多样性,其中假单胞菌属的细菌居多。对分离得到的细菌和真菌分别进行理化性质和胞外酶活性鉴定,实验结果显示,分离获得的细菌和真菌绝大多数可产生水解酶类并同化多种碳源。初步认定这些微生物在参与南极物质代谢、适应南极极端环境方面发挥作用。本研究丰富了对南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性的认识,并筛选获得了一些产低温酶特性的菌株,这为极地微生物资源的利用研究奠定了基础。     

青岛近海冬末春初海水碳酸盐体系的特征

通过在青岛近岸海域采集海水样品,测定了海水pH、总碱度(TA)、溶解无机碳(DIC)以及溶解钙离子,并根据这些参数计算了海水中的碳酸氢根、碳酸根等分量以及海水二氧化碳分压(pCO_2)、碳酸钙饱和度等参数。各站点海水pH范围为8.09~8.18,平均8.13;TA范围为2309~2345(mol/kg,平均2325(mol/kg;DIC范围为2158~2200(mol/kg,平均2180(mol/kg;海水中溶解钙离子的浓度为0.3700~0.3732g/kg,平均0.3716g/kg。求得海水pCO_2范围为371~476(atm,平均415(atm;方解石和文石的饱和度范围分别为2.31~2.84和1.45~1.78,平均值分别为2.57和1.61。通过与温度、盐度进行比较,发现冬末春初青岛近岸海域海水总碱度、溶解无机碳和溶解钙离子具有较为均匀的特征,是冬季混合导致的结果。海水pH有一定的变化性,与营养盐和叶绿素a的关系显示,观测区西部已开始增强的生物生产使海水pH升高,pH是该季节影响海水pCO_2、碳酸钙饱和度等参数的主要因素。该季节青岛近海总体上表现为大气CO_2的弱源,但西部海区是大气CO_2的弱汇。     

Mutual effects of nitric oxide and iron on the growth of marine algae

Experiments on the effects of nitric oxide （NO） and iron on the growth of marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum were conducted. The results are as follows： exogenous NO could increase the growth rate of marine algae and raise the biomass remarkably under iron-deficient conditions. But it was a complicated process that the phytoplankton growth was influenced by NO and iron, which was controlled by the NO concentration, the nutrition level of the culture medium and the iron concentration, etc. Meanwhile, the iron concentration in the medium also has a direct influence on the growth and NO release capacity of the algae. Therefore, the effects of NO and iron on the growth of marine phytoplankton were mutual.     

The study on the effect of NO on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus

1 INTRODUCTION As a recently recognized information molecule in campaign of the “Molecule of the Year” by Sci- ence magazine, nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much attention from biologists and many other field scien- tists, for its very important physio…     

基于ABAQUS的卷管式铺管法管道变形敏感性分析

卷管式铺管法在海管铺设中的应用愈发广泛,在铺设作业中管道会发生几何非线性变形,导致出现复杂的力学性能变化。针对管道在上卷、退卷过程中的屈服变化过程,通过弹塑性理论进行分析,推导出管道退卷后残余轴向应力的解析解;随后利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立模型实例,对比解析解与有限元模型,两者的计算结果基本吻合。基于上述有限元模型,研究上卷时的张力和退卷时的后张力对椭圆度、截面轴向应力和剪切应力的影响,并进行敏感性分析。模拟结果表明张力和后张力变化会影响管道截面的变形程度,退卷后截面上残余的轴向应力远高于剪切应力,并且通过敏感性分析,得到了残余椭圆度、残余应力随张力和后张力变化的规律。研究可为卷管铺设过程中张力和后张力的选择提供参考和借鉴。