挪威深海矿产资源开采战略路径分析及启示

挪威近年来大力推动深海采矿,在地质科研勘探、技术装备研制、环保政策制定等领域已经走在世界前列,率先为深海采矿商业化提供了实现可能。挪威政府凭借其过硬的工程装备基础与深厚的法律政策积淀,因时制宜积极转变深海采矿路径,目前已在商业化开发与环境保护中找到平衡点,形成了完备的深海开发战略路径。文章通过中国和挪威两国深海资源开展战略对比分析,提出4点建议：加快深海产学研深度合作,带动新兴产业发展;以《深海法》为基石,构建深海采矿产业政策;加强深海环境保护研究,打造环境友好的深海开发路线;把握深海国际机制,争取深海国际规则主动权。多角度提升深海实力,以尽快实现“深海开发”。     

Geochemistry and geological significance of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks in the Lower Yangtze region

The Lower Yangtze region is one of the important marine sedimentation areas of oil and gas distribution in southern China,for its favorable source rocks,reservoirs and covers.However,the intense tectonic movements and complex hydrocarbon generation process made it highly impossible to form large-sized oil and gas reservoirs.So it was divided to different hydrocarbon-bearing preservation units in oil-gas exploration.Recent study shows that the Permian and Lower Triassic source rocks in the Lower Yangtze region are complicated in lithology.The hydrocarbon generation potential of limestone there is low while argillaceous source rocks are overall of high abundance with excellent organic types,now in the process of hydrocarbon generation,so differences in high maturity influence the evaluation of organic matter abundance and type.Biomarker characteristics indicate a reductive environment.n-alkanes are marked by a single peak,with no odd-even predominance.The composition and distribution of the carbon numbers of n-alkanes,and the high abundance of long-chain tricyclic terpanes are indicative of marine sedi-mentation.The high contents of pregnane,homopregnane,rearranged hopane suggest that the source rocks are of high maturity.There is a good linear correlation between methylphenanthrene index and vitrinite reflectance.The correlation of oil-source rocks indicated that the oil of Well HT-3 may come from the Permian Longtan Formation in the Huangqiao area,the oil of Wells Rong-2 and Juping-1 came from the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation in the Jurong area.The exploration here is promising in those different source rocks which all have great potential in hy-drocarbon generating,and oil and gas were produced in the late stage of hydrocarbon generation.     

黄海第四纪年代学研究进展

陆架沉积物是研究海平面以及环境气候变化的理想载体,黄海作为典型的陆架海一直以来是地学领域研究的热点地区。利用沉积物研究古环境首先要解决的就是年龄问题,总结了黄海近30年来第四纪年代学研究所取得的成果以及存在的问题。南黄海的研究程度明显高于北黄海,短尺度研究程度明显高于长尺度研究。从短尺度的测年结果来看,不同部位的钻孔同一深度层位的年龄值存在一定差别,这除了和该区复杂多变的环境有关以外,还和所用的测年方法和材料有关;长尺度研究目前仅集中于南黄海3个钻孔的磁性地层研究,其结果显示南黄海的B/M界线基本可以限定在60~70 m之间。由于黄海长尺度年代学研究相对匮乏,因此,应该将其作为该区日后年代学研究的重点。     

关于中国大西洋海洋战略布局的几点思考

随着综合国力的不断增长和海洋力量的不断提升,中国在大西洋的海外利益不断延伸,这对中国的海洋战略提出了新的要求。在《中华人民共和国深海海底区域资源勘探开发法》出台背景下,提前谋划中国的大西洋海洋战略十分必要。文章系统阐述了大西洋的全球战略地位,从政治与外交、军事与安全、经济与贸易、科技与环保等方面分析其对中国的战略意义,探讨大西洋海洋战略布局的目标框架。在此基础上,对中国大西洋战略布局进行现实考量,提出全面构建大西洋伙伴关系,提升大西洋资源调查、勘探和开发能力,中国海警加快融入国际海上搜寻救助体系等建议。     

Chemical Associations of Heavy Metals in the Sediments near Bailonggang Sewage Discharge Outlet of Shanghai

The five chemical associations ofheavy metals have been extracted continuously using the Tessier extracting method.Results show that Cu,Pb,Fe,Zn and Cr in the sediments are mainly distributed in residual fraction,while the major chemical association of Mn is carbonates.Carbonate heavy metals are converted into Fe-Mn oxides in autunm.And in the low tidal flat,after carbonates have changed into ionic heavy metals,some of the elements are transported to the overlying water,Cu,Pb,Fe and Mn have good correlations with each other,and Zn,Cr also show their similarity of chemical behavior in the sediments.     

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

Quantitative proteomics provides insight into the response of the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense to changes in ambient phosphorus

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Dinoflagellates are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms in the global ocean and they usually form blooms under conditions of very low dissolved...     

湿位涡诊断在青藏高原东北侧暴雪预报中的应用个例

利用湿位涡理论,对2006年1月18-19日发生在青藏高原东北侧大范围暴雪天气进行了诊断分析,以探讨湿位涡诊断在青藏高原东北侧暴雪预报中的应用前景.个例分析表明:850 hPa和东风回流以及横切变耦合的正湿位涡高值区和500 hPa青藏高原东侧大槽前正湿位涡平流、300 hPa青藏高原东侧大槽前新生正湿位涡中心的叠加,形成有利于暴雪发生发展的湿位涡和湿位涡平流配置的三维空间结构;850 hPa等压面湿位涡正压项(ξMPV2)等值线密集区和等压面湿位涡斜压项(ξMPV1)<-2.0 PVU的中α尺度对流不稳定区形成的耦合区,对暴雪落区有指示意义.     

冬季北半球风暴轴的协同变化及其与大气环流的相互作用

基于1971—2016年NCEP/NCAR的逐日、逐月再分析资料,研究冬季北半球西伯利亚风暴轴(Siberian Storm Track,SIST)、北太平洋风暴轴(Pacific Storm Track,PST)和北大西洋风暴轴(Atlantic Storm Track,AST)的协同变化特征及其与大气环流的关系。结果表明:(1)三大风暴轴不仅各自的位置与强度变化存在显著相关性,风暴轴之间也存在一定的协同变化且年代际尺度上比年际尺度上更紧密。年际尺度上,SIST与AST的经度变化呈显著负相关,而PST和AST的协同性较差;年代际尺度上,SIST与PST的经、纬度变化均呈弱的负相关,SIST与AST的经度和强度变化均呈显著正相关,PST与AST的经、纬度变化均呈显著负相关。(2)由联合EOF分析得到北半球风暴轴的协同变化时空特征:在年际尺度上,第一模态主要表现为SIST偏弱(强),PST主体偏弱(强)、东南偏强(弱),AST略偏北(南)偏强(弱)但不显著的协同变化。PC1为正位相时,对应的大气环流异常为:500 hPa高度场上为太平洋北美(Pacific North America,PNA)型和欧亚(Eurasian,EU)型的正位相,东亚急流偏强且偏南;第二模态主要表现为SIST偏强(弱)且偏东(西),PST中东部偏南(北)、西部强度偏强(弱),AST偏强(弱)的协同变化。PC2为正位相时,对应的大气环流异常为:500 hPa高度场上为PNA型和大西洋东部(East Atlantic,EA)型的正位相,北美急流减弱;在年代际尺度上,第一模态主要表现为SIST偏西(东)且偏弱(强),PST偏东(西)且偏弱(强),AST偏西(东)且偏弱(强)的协同变化。PC1为正位相时,对应的大气环流异常为:500 hPa高度场上为西大西洋(West Atlantic,WA)型和EU型的正位相。第二模态主要表现为SIST偏强(弱)且偏北(南),PST偏南(北)且偏弱(强),AST北抬(南压)的协同变化。PC2为正位相时,对应的大气环流异常为:500 hPa高度场上为EU型和WA型的正位相,东亚急流强度加强且偏南,北美急流强度减弱。     

液塑限联合测定法的若干问题探讨

对液塑限联合测定法数据进行整理,采用基于EXCEL图表处理功能编制的电子表格计算法代替规范作图法,既方便又提高工效。同时对上海滨海平原区土层的液塑限试验合格品的临界相关系数平方值R2进行了探讨,并结合实践分析了上海滨海平原区土层的液塑限相关系数特点。