钻孔水力采矿研究方法的探讨

综合分析工艺流程、喷射机理，水枪设计，升举效率和安全稳定性等，将钻孔水力采矿的众多技术问题归纳为5个方面析要点内容，为开展钻孔水力采矿的技术研究和技术开发工作提出基本思路。     

Numerical and theoretical research on stress distribution in the loosening zone of the trapdoor problem

The traditional theory of soil arching effect was developed on the assumption that stress distribution in the loosening zone is uniform. However, because of the deflection of principal stress' direction, the stress distribution in the loosening zone is actually ununiform. For the evaluation of principal stress axis deflection and stress redistribution, a discrete element method numerical model of trapdoor problem is established for the simulation of soil arching effect. Based on the numerical results, an arc shape of major principal stress trajectory and uniform horizontal stress distribution at the same depth of the loosening zone are adopted. An analytical model is raised to estimate the average loosening earth pressure acting on the trapdoor and stress distribution in the loosening zone at a limit state. In addition, comparison studies are carried out between the predictions of the proposed solutions and discrete element method numerical results as well as available model test results, thereby validating the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model. Both numerical and theoretical results indicate that the vertical stress distribution in the loosening zone is obviously ununiform. The load acting in the middle of loosening zone is transferred toward two sides so that the vertical stress distribution in loosening zone is concave.     

潮汐水域中污水侧向排放的数值模拟

基于N-S方程,采用深度平均的应力-通量代数全场模型,模拟流场及热水或污染物侧向排入大水体的各向异性的输移扩散规律。模型中采用深度平均的连续、动量、浓度方程进行潮汐流动的数值模拟计算,潮流采用非对称潮流,模拟结果给出了一个周期内流场、污染物浓度场随时间的变化特征。所得的数值结果与他人的模型实验结果非常一致,而较其他结果更合理,说明本模型的合理性和可靠性。     

一种针对规则冲突的规则集语义比较算法

应用DFD(Diverse Firewall Design)方法进行防火墙规则集设计时,需使用规则集语义比较算法,判断多个规则集是否语义一致。规则冲突是导致规则集语义不一致的主要原因。因此,需要研究针对规则冲突的规则集语义比较算法。而现有算法时空复杂度较高,性能低下。文中提出了1种基于关键数据包选取映射的规则集语义比较算法(KPCM)。KPCM算法针对规则冲突选取关键数据包,并通过比较这些数据包在不同规则集中的处理动作,判断这些规则集是否语义一致。理论分析和测试表明,KPCM算法时空性能均优于现有算法。     

地理信息系统的现状及其技术系统的研究动向

地理信息系统作为新兴的高技术系统，已经应用于整个空间信息的处理领域。本文将在分析现有系统应用水平和存在问题的基础上，着重讨论了六个方面值得重视的研究课题。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长8段砂岩沥青地球化学特征及其来源分析

系统采集了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部地区延长组8段沥青砂岩,对砂岩沥青的地球化学特征进行了研究,探讨了沥青的母质特征、形成环境和成熟度。研究结果表明:(1)长8段砂岩沥青中高碳数的正构烷烃优势明显,规则甾烷中C_(29)含量相对较高,萜烷系列中四环萜烷含量较高,C_(24)四环萜烷/(C_(24)四环萜烷+C_(26)三环萜烷)的值为0.26~0.52,C_(23)三环萜烷/(C_(23)三环萜烷+C_(30)藿烷)的值分布范围为0.06~0.41,这些都指示研究区长8段砂岩沥青母质来源为混合型,并且陆源有机质贡献较大;(2)砂岩沥青中Pr/Ph为0.67~1.07,同时,沥青中检测出低丰度的β胡萝卜烷,说明沥青形成环境为弱氧化—弱还原环境,较低丰度的伽马蜡烷与C_(30)+藿烷指示沥青的母质形成于淡水或微咸水湖泊环境;(3)长8段砂岩沥青的C31藿烷22S/(22S+22R)、C_(29)甾烷20S/(20S+20R)、C_(29)甾烷ββ/(αα+ββ)和C_(29)重排甾烷20S/(20S+20R)均接近或已经达到平衡值,反映沥青为成熟沥青。将研究结果与已报道潜在烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征进行对比,显示出研究区长8段砂岩沥青主要来源于延长组7段烃源岩,表明长7段烃源岩是研究区最主要的烃源岩之一。     

江西省鄱阳湖信江决口三角洲沉积特征及模式

利用实地考察、浅钻孔、探槽及卫星影像等方法,对鄱阳湖信江决口三角洲进行了系统研究。该决口三角洲是洪水冲破信江西岸天然堤流入附近的河漫湖泊形成的,其平面形态为鸟足状,总体延伸方向与主河道近垂直。在横切剖面上整个决口三角洲沉积体呈透镜状覆盖在早期的湿地或河漫湖泊沉积之上。鄱阳湖信江决口三角洲可分为3个亚相:决口三角洲平原、决口三角洲前缘和决口前三角洲。决口三角洲平原主要发育决口河道、决口天然堤、废弃决口河道和湿地,其中决口河道又可以进一步划分为决口水道、边滩、汊口滩;决口三角洲前缘主要发育河口坝、支流间湾。河漫湖泊规模小、深度浅、波浪能量弱,对河口坝和决口河道砂体的改造较弱,不易形成连片分布的席状砂;决口前三角洲不发育。决口三角洲沉积受河流作用和河漫湖泊作用的共同控制,其演化可以划分为主河道天然堤生长阶段、决口初期阶段、进积分汊阶段及分汊—废弃阶段4个阶段。     

Identifying spatio-temporal variation and controlling factors of chemistry in groundwater and river water recharged by reclaimed water at Huai River,North China

Reclaimed water is efficiently used to recover the dry river, but river water and groundwater may be impacted considering the water quality. Thus, it is critical to study the factors controlling water chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly from January to September in 2010, in Huai River (North China). And samples were analyzed for major 15 physio-chemical parameters. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 9 months are divided into two distinct groups, which show the clear temporal variation. In reclaimed water and river water, one group includes February, while the other includes other months. In shallow and deep groundwater, one group includes months from January to April, while the other encompasses others. Monitoring stations are classified into three groups. Group A with high value of ions and nitrogen (order: NH₄-N > NO₃-N > NO₂-N) includes reclaimed water and river water. Group B with moderate concentration and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NH₄-N > NO₂-N) includes all shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater. Group C with the low value and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NO₂-N > NH₄-N), includes two deep groundwater. Using multivariate analysis and ionic relationships, river water chemistry is found to be controlled by reclaimed water and evaporation process; chemistry in shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater, with type of Na–Ca(Mg)–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering. Additionally, reactions of nitrification, denitrification and cation exchange occur in the infiltration of reclaimed water; chemistry in the other deep groundwater, with type of Ca–Mg–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering and denitrification.     

安徽贵池地区富硒土壤地球化学特征及开发利用潜力

为了解安徽贵池地区富硒土壤特征与潜力,服务当地富硒土地资源开发,选择贵池西部开展土壤地球化学测量试验,探讨Se、I等有益元素的富集特征、成因及潜力,Cd、As等有害元素的超标特征及成因等,结合研究区土壤中有益、有害元素特征,讨论富硒土地资源及其开发优势。发现表层和深层土壤中Se等有益元素含量总体较高,其中Se含量达到富硒土地标准的表层土壤点位占全部样品点位的76%;表层土壤中Cd含量超标的点位占48%,其他有害元素仅个别点位超标,Cd是制约该地区富硒土地资源开发的主要不利因素。在研究区圈定了61.4 km2的富硒土地资源,认为研究区东部土壤富硒的物质来源是二叠系灰岩,可以利用当地灰岩提升富硒土地资源品质,降低生态风险。     

江西弋阳港口盆地林山组地层时代讨论

本文讨论了江西弋阳港口盆地林山组中的植物化石群。根据其组份特征,可确定该地林山组时代为早侏罗世中晚期,可与鄂西香溪组中下部的植物群对比。