Alkaline protease production by a strain of marine yeasts

Yeast strain 10 with high yield of protease was isolated from sediments of saltern near Qingdao, China. The protease had the highest activity at pH 9.0 and 45℃. The optimal medium for the maximum alkaline protease production of strain 10 was 2.5 g soluble starch and 2.0 g NaNO3 in 100 mL seawater with initial pH6.0. The optimal cultivation conditions for the maximum protease production were temperature 24.5 ℃, aeration rate 8.0 L min^- 1 and agitation speed 150 r min^-1 . Under the optimal conditions, 623.1 Umg^-1 protein of alkaline protease was reached in the culture within 30 h of fermentation.     

我国导航与位置服务的进展及思考

导航与位置服务是继移动通信、移动互联网之后又一发展非常迅速的新兴信息产业。本文首先详细分析了导航与位置服务产业的发展现状及其特点,探讨了导航与位置服务产业链及其产业布局的构成。然后,根据该产业的特点,进一步阐述了导航与位置服务产业发展的前沿技术及趋势;这些前沿技术涉及协同精密定位、社会感知与计算、与5G相融合的通导一体化、与无人机器人相融合的智能导航等。最后,以服务于国家现代化发展重大需求为导向,给出了我国导航与位置服务产业发展的一些思考,主要包括关键技术推广、人才培养、重大战略规划、核心芯片与软件平台、标准制定等5个方面。     

一种用于运动姿态评估的视觉伺服机器人

针对人们在运动中出现的姿态不标准且无人监督指导等问题,本文设计了一种用于运动姿态评估的视觉伺服机器人。这款机器人首先通过一种带有注意力机制的目标跟踪算法对运动目标进行跟踪,并与机器人的伺服电机结构协同工作以调整摄像头的角度,从而实现对在特定区域内运动的目标进行跟踪拍摄。然后由其姿态评估系统提取运动姿态,并与标准姿态进行比对评估。经验证,该机器人对人体运动姿态的质量高低具有较高的区分度,能对用户的多种姿态给予有效的评价,从而实现运动辅助及康复训练指导的目的。     

PNT智能与智能PNT

定位(positioning)、导航(navigation)、授时(timing),简称PNT,是人类在长期感知、认知宇宙与人类生存的关系后,产生的与经济、社会活动密切相关的时空位置概念。PNT也是地球上的物质、能量和信息经过亿万年进化出的感知、认知与时空位置相关的智能,称为PNT智能或时空智能。而智能是生命体为适应环境生存,通过一代代继承、演进而进化出来的趋利避害行为能力的总和,可称为自然智能。本文分析了依托于生命体物质基础的自然智能特性,在此基础上探讨了生命体PNT智能的特点;概述了人类研究生命体PNT智能的最新成果、趋势和启示。其中,交互智能和PNT智能等在生命体由低级向高级的进化过程中,特别是在智人进化并形成人类文明的过程中,起到了关键性的推动作用。随着自然智能、PNT智能、人工智能研究的深入推进和交叉融合,PNT技术发展也进入智能PNT阶段。本文着重阐述了智能PNT的概念、内涵和发展趋势,从PNT应用和时空信息基础设施建设两方面,探讨了其智能化热点方向的最新进展和影响。在此基础上,也提出了一些智能PNT发展的思考和展望。     

Study on collapse settlement and cracks of core wall rockfill dams under wetting deformation

The safety and stability of core wall rockfill dams during impoundment are threatened by the wetting deformation of up-stream shell materials. The serious wetting deformation not only aggravates the collapse settlement of upstream rockfill but also intensifies differential settlement of the dam crest during impoundment, and then causes cracks on the dam crest. On the basis of the proposed wetting deformation model and its simulation method of wetting deformation, this paper simulated the impoundment process of Guanyinyan core wall rockfill dam and studied the deformation characteristic of the dam during impoundment. In addition, the smeared cracking model was used to simulate the crack propagation on the dam crest, and the crack develop and spread mechanism was analysed. The results show that the simulated deformation can fit the in-situ data well, and the simulated crack propagation is in good agreement with the actual situation. Once watered, the upstream rockfill and core wall have significant settlement, and the whole dam crest has obvious horizontal displacement towards the upstream. It is on the same order of magnitude that the increment of horizontal displacement and settlement at the top of the dam during impoundment. In the process of impoundment, the upper part of the dam tends to deform towards the reservoir area, which will lead to tensile cracks appearing in the rockfill areas on both upstream and downstream sides of the core wall of the dam crest, and the propagation direction of the cracks is basically parallel to the adjacent core wall surface. With the water level rising, the cracks on the downstream side of the dam crest mainly extend vertically, and the cracks on the upstream side of the dam crest not only extend vertically, but also extend horizontally.     

Simplified method for evaluating the response of existing tunnel induced by adjacent excavation

Adjacent excavation may have a negative influence on the existing tunnel underneath. Thus, it is important to evaluate the response of the tunnel due to adjacent excavation. However, there is little report about using the Kerr foundation model to simulate the tunnel-soil interaction. Meanwhile, the Timoshenko beam, which can take the tunnel shearing effect into consideration, is more suitable to estimate the behavior of the tunnel. To simulate the interaction between soil and tunnel, the existing tunnel is simplified as a Timoshenko beam lying on the Kerr foundation model, and a simplified theoretical method is proposed to calculate the response of the existing tunnel induced by adjacent excavation. The proposed method is validated by two field case studies. Results indicate that the predictions given by the proposed method show great agreement with field measurements and it is more accurate to evaluate the tunnel-soil interaction compared with the previous method. The further parametric study shows that the relative position between excavation and tunnel, the ground Young's modulus, the depth of existing tunnel centerline, and length and width of excavation are both significant factors governing the tunnel response induced by adjacent excavation, while the influence of tunnel shear stiffness and skew between tunnel and excavation are slight. The proposed method can be applied to predict the potential risk of existing tunnels induced by adjacent excavation in relevant engineering projects.     

基于MODIS影像的2016—2017年东海赤潮高发期水体时空分布及其气象控制因子分析

近年来,东海区域赤潮灾害频发,对沿海地区的经济发展和海洋生态环境造成了极大的破坏。本研究基于赤潮暴发年2016—2017年夏季MODIS影像数据,采用半经验多光谱识别算法对东海夏季赤潮暴发期的水体类型分布特征进行反演。结果表明,赤潮高发期东海水体类型从近岸向开阔海域呈现浑浊水体 赤潮水体 混合水体 干净水体的时空分布特征。其中,硅藻和甲藻赤潮水体在空间分布上具有相互演替变化的特征。此外,通过对浙江省近岸的大陈站、石浦站和嵊泗站3个站点的气象因子进行主成分分析发现,气温、风速和天空云量对赤潮的生消演替起着积极的促进作用。