贵州清镇林歹铝土矿顶、底板特征及其对铝土矿成矿的影响

清镇林歹铝土矿赋矿层位为下石炭统九架炉组,含矿层序具有典型的炭质页岩—铝土矿—铁质岩结构。本研究以铝土矿层顶、底板为主要研究对象,围绕林歹铝土矿顶板炭质页岩、底板喀斯特面及紫红色泥岩开展野外调查、地球化学分析测试、古生物化石鉴定等研究,结果发现在铝土矿顶部的炭质页岩中含大量的黄铁矿、丰富的植物和动物化石,植物化石主要为芦木、裸蕨类,由化石组合确定铝土矿形成时代为早石炭世。在炭质页岩中发现含腕足、腹足化石的白云岩夹层,证明炭质页岩形成于滨岸近海环境,由此推测铝土矿也形成近海湖泊环境。对含大量黄铁矿炭质页岩进行蒸馏水浸泡试验,发现炭质页岩浸泡液体pH值为1.5~2,呈现出强酸性,结合清镇林歹、小山坝等地铝土矿层与炭质页岩叠覆特征,认为铝土矿形成后,上覆炭质页岩在大气淡水淋滤下会对下伏铝土矿层起脱硅除铁作用,使铝土矿品位进一步提高。在铝土矿底板发现强风化白云岩砂、溶蚀裂隙、钙结层、湖泊沉积纹层等,认为寒武系白云岩中紫红色泥岩夹层很可能是铝土矿成矿母岩,且具有一定的找矿指示意义。     

库车盆地天然氯化锶矿物的发现

通过扫描电镜分析,在新疆库车盆地首次发现天然氯化锶矿物。该矿物大小为几微米至几十微米,具有形态不规则、在空气中易潮解等特征。由于颗粒太小,暂时无法测定其晶体结构参数。初步认为极度干旱气候条件下,如有锶的来源,在蒸发盐壳中可形成天然氯化锶矿物。其晶体结构参数、确切成因等还有待于进一步深入研究。     

激光粒型分析法在砂质沉积物粒度分析中的应用

对辽宁海岸带75个砂质沉积物样品分别采用激光粒型仪与筛分法进行粒度测试,并对两种方法所测样品的各组分含量及粒度参数进行对比分析,探究两种分析方法之间的相关规律,从而将激光粒型仪应用于粒度分析中。结果表明,激光粒型仪所测样品的粗砂及砾石含量比筛分法所测结果偏高,而所测中、细砂含量较低,且前者所测样品的中值粒径及平均粒径均偏高,由此可得出激光粒型仪所测沉积物样品粒度偏粗。通过相关性分析得出,两种测试方法所测样品的各组分含量及粒度参数相关性均较好,其中中值粒径与平均粒径的相关系数均大于0.9。     

Discovery,Genesis and Significance of Metallic Minerals in Evaporate Series in the Kuqa Basin

A large-scale evaporate series is developed in Paleogene-Neogene strata in the Kuqa basin. The series is composed mainly of evaporate with thin beds of clastic rock (mainly mudstone and siltstone). In grayish white medium- and coarse-grained sandstone in Miocene strata, the formation of copper minerals is in close connection with brine. In joint planes, which are developed in vertical strata, are filled with gypsum. Gypsum and copper-mineralized sandstone contains enormous copper minerals, mainly atacamite. According to the SEM analysis for salt rock, gypsum rock, limestone, grayish green siltstone, grayish white medium-coarse-grained sandstone, some minerals are composed of metallic elements including Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni and U etc., in which Au occurs in a native form, Cu occurs in a native form or as atacamite in salt rock, gypsum rock and limestone, Ag occurs as silver sulfide in gypsum, and Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, U occur as compounds along with the above metallic ions in evaporate or clastic rock. From SEM images, we can see that metallic elements or their compounds (oxides or sulfides) “take root” as grains in salt or gypsum crystals, which belong to primary chemical sedimentation along with evaporate, while some grains “float” on surface of salt or gypsum. In the former case, mineral grains were formed together with salt (gypsum) crystals; while in the latter case, minerals were enriched from internal metallic ions (Paleogene evaporate samples) or external metallic ions (Neogene gypsum samples) in the late stage of evaporate formation. The metallic ions in Paleogene evaporate samples might originate from weathered or denudated materials in the south Tianshan Mountains. The metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate samples might be from metal-bearing brine, which migrated upward to surface along fractures and leached into evaporate (gypsum). Occurrence of metallic minerals and their compounds (elementary substance) in Paleogene evaporate proves that diversified metallic minerals exist in evaporate. The source of metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate series shows that evaporate could provide materials for late-stage metallic mineralization.     

Discussion on the Scenario of Salt Accumulation in Yarkand Basin during Late Cretaceous

正Large-scale accumulation of salt and formation of potash concentrated in Tethys domain during late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic.These events were typified by the formation of Laos-Thailand and Lanping-Simao     

渤海海域石臼坨—辽西凸起覆盖型潜山储集层发育特征与分布模式*

渤海海域发育勘探潜力巨大的覆盖型潜山,这类潜山储集层的发育特征及分布模式是当前潜山油气勘探研究的重点和难点。利用地震、测井、铸体薄片、井壁岩心、常规物性、扫描电镜和X衍射等资料,开展了石臼坨—辽西凸起覆盖型潜山储集层的发育特征、主控因素和分布模式研究。研究结果表明: (1)覆盖型潜山以长英质含量较高的混合花岗岩为主,发育多种类型的溶蚀孔隙和裂缝,其中构造裂缝是最主要的储集空间。储集层平均孔隙度为2.2%,平均渗透率为0.445×10^-3 μm²。覆盖型潜山自上而下可划分为风化黏土带、风化砂砾岩带、风化裂缝带、裂缝发育带、相对致密带和基岩带。 (2)富长英质的岩石为裂缝型储集层的形成提供了物质基础,较高的长英质含量利于构造成缝和风化、淋滤、溶蚀改造。 (3)印支期—燕山期的强烈隆升是形成优质风化壳储集层的必要条件,而多期次构造作用叠加是潜山规模裂缝型储集层形成的关键,储集层距印支—燕山主控断裂的远近和所处构造部位进一步影响了裂缝的发育。 (4)风化淋滤对于覆盖型潜山储集层的改造具有重要作用,是控制储集层垂向分带性的主要因素。 (5)建立了覆盖型潜山储集层的分布模式,叠合破碎带的风化裂缝带和裂缝发育带是优质储集层的有利发育部位,二层结构潜山风化壳更为发育,多期构造活动叠加区域潜山内幕裂缝带厚度更大,裂缝发育带和破碎带发育更为密集。     

河流相砂体识别预测及古气候响应: 以渤中坳陷石南地区明下段为例

河流相砂体的识别预测及其发育演化对古气候变化的响应是当前河流相沉积研究的热点。基于地震沉积学方法,采用三步走的河流相砂体识别预测方法(井震结合建格架→90°相位调整标岩性→切片属性辨砂体),在渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷石臼坨凸起南部(石南)新近系明化镇组下段(简称“明下段”)识别出了顺直和蜿蜒河道砂、河道—堤坝复合体、点砂坝、河口坝、牛轭湖和决口扇6种河流相砂体。依据明下段泥岩颜色,结合藻类种属记录和孢粉记录分析,认为石南地区明下段沉积早期到中期经历了干湿交替→湿润主导的湿润化气候演变; 而明下段沉积中期到晚期经历了湿润主导→干旱主导的干旱化气候演变。润湿化气候演变使得明下段沉积中期河流相砂体宽度和单层厚度减小、弯曲度增大,且带状孤立河道砂体更发育; 而干旱化气候演变使得明下段沉积晚期流相砂体宽度和单层厚度增大、弯曲度减小,且带状河道—溢岸复合带和河口坝砂更发育。研究成果可为其他断陷盆地河流相砂体识别、预测提供参考,对指导构造活动相对较弱的湖盆萎缩期油气勘探实践具有一定的实践价值。     

东特提斯域思茅盆地钾盐成矿研究进展

思茅盆地位于东特提斯域,其内的勐野井钾盐矿是我国唯一的前第四纪固体钾盐矿,长期以来对此钾盐矿与呵叻巨型钾盐盆地的资源量差异和成因存在着有较大争议。特别是如下几个问题:其钾盐成矿时代是晚白垩世和古新世,还是侏罗纪的争议;其物质来源还存在陆源,海源和多源的不同认识;矿床成因机理模式也悬而未决。本文在前人研究基础上,结合项目组的最新进展,对上述这些问题的进行梳理与评述认为:勐野井组地层为晚白垩世Albian-Cenomanian期,同沉积的原生钾盐也是在此时期富集成矿;钾盐成矿后期特别是约14Ma以来,受到多期次的热液流体作用,形成次生脉状钾盐:钾盐成矿物质可能以中特提斯洋侵入的海水为主,辅以陆源水体和深部流体。总结认为,思茅与呵叻等盆地在晚白垩世都是干旱沙漠环境中彼此隔绝的小湖盆,随着中特提斯洋海水自西向东的入侵,海水由思茅流向了呵叻,形成了统一的思茅-呵叻海,这个模型可以解释有关成钾物源及思茅与呵叻盆地的成钾关系。思茅盆地钾盐矿的形成和后期变化始终受到了构造活动的控制,经历了最初断陷阶段,到沉积后期受印度-欧亚大陆碰撞导致的挤压和走滑运动影响。     

罗布泊中更新世以来盐湖碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成及其古环境意义

罗布泊是欧亚大陆腹地塔里木盆地东端的典型内陆干盐湖,中更新世以来在其北部尤其罗北凹地发育了巨厚的蒸发岩沉积是对全球变冷和青藏高原隆升的积极响应。通过对罗北凹地第一口深钻LDK01孔蒸发岩系中203个样品的自生碳酸盐含量、碳氧同位素测试与分析,讨论了罗布泊中更新世以来的古环境演化特征。研究表明:(1)δ~(18) O和δ13 C协同正向演化,但在蒸发作用强烈的干旱封闭湖泊中,流域降蒸比(P/E)的变化对湖泊水体δ~(18) O影响最为显著;(2)δ~(18) O和δ13 C周期性波动震荡特征,反映干湿交替的环境以及周缘水体对罗北凹地的补给;(3)罗布泊湖盆干旱加剧演化可能并非只受全球变化单一因素驱动,而是全球气候变化和高原隆升共同作用的结果。