东昆仑东段纳赤台岩群变火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

纳赤台岩群主要为一套变质火山沉积岩系,是东昆仑东段早古生代构造演化的重要物质记录。变火山岩的锆石U Pb年代学研究结果显示,年龄具有较宽的年龄谱（459～2 729 Ma）,可划分为2 559 Ma、1 341～1 472 Ma、918～1 142 Ma、557～595 Ma、459～497 Ma 5个年龄段,前4组为继承锆石年龄,反映研究区早期构造岩浆事件,459～497 Ma年龄谱段的锆石具有较好的生长韵律环带,为典型的岩浆成因锆石,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（474±7.9） Ma （MSWD=0.59,n=11）,代表纳赤台岩群变火山岩形成时代,即形成于奥陶纪。地球化学研究表明,纳赤台岩群变火山岩原岩均为玄武岩,可以划分为两个岩石系列,斜长角闪片岩和角闪片岩为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩。Mg#介于43.09～46.44,反映岩浆经历了一定程度的结晶分异演化;绿帘绿泥钠长片岩属于碱性玄武岩;Mg#介于57.20～76.00,相对接近原始岩浆成分。微量元素特征显示前者具有岛弧火山岩特征,而后者具有E MORB和OIB特征,其岩浆源区更富集。锆石U Pb年代学和地球化学研究表明,纳赤台岩群火山岩形成于早古生代弧后盆地,是原特提斯洋洋壳向北俯冲导致东昆仑地区拉张成弧后小洋盆的物质记录。     

洞庭湖环境系统变化对水文情势的响应

为全面揭示洞庭湖近数十年的水情异常与成因,将湖区视作一个大系统来研究。经水位~流量关系等多种方法研究表明：(1)入湖四水尾闾同水位流量减少1 200~2 800 m³/s,同流量水位抬高0.49~1.28 m;(2) 荆江三口分水比减少19.2%,分沙比减少25.1%;(3) 澧水、松滋、南洞庭湖等主洪道的水位流量关系均发生了较大变化;(4) 天然调蓄能力下降40%,湖口同流量水位抬高1.80~2.50 m;(5) 7~8月湖垸关系常处于危急状态。其主要原因是泥沙淤积恶性循环,导致了湖泊环境系统功能的变化,而由下荆江3处裁弯所引起的江湖水沙调整则加速了其变化过程。这些变化过程对水情的复合响应是：入湖水沙呈逐渐减少趋势变化,洪水位普遍抬高1.50~1.80 m,湖口有时出现江水倒流,洪水涨率增大,高洪水位持续时间长等异常水文现象,且给湖区造成了巨大的洪水压力。     

Towards the understanding from sea surface to hadal zone—A multidisciplinary study of the Yap Trench

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology -     

Vertical variations of dissolved carbohydrates in the North Yap Trench

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO), and total carbohydrates (TCHO) in the seawater samples collected from the north...     

青海东昆仑东段塔妥地区小庙岩组变质岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

东昆仑地区小庙岩组的形成时代长期存在争议,且缺少精确的年代学证据。以东昆仑东段塔妥地区小庙岩组变质碎屑岩为研究对象,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法,探讨其形成时代。结果显示,锆石具有较宽的年龄谱(1551~2624Ma),可划分为2624~2603Ma、2501~2290Ma、2196~2036Ma和1921~1551Ma年龄组,最后一组可进一步划分为1921~1690Ma和1641~1551Ma两个亚组。其中1921~1690Ma代表了物源区强烈的变质岩浆热事件,具有最强峰值特征(峰值年龄为1783Ma),而2501~2290Ma代表了源区一次变质事件,并有少量2196~2036Ma年龄记录,个别2600Ma的碎屑锆石暗示东昆仑地区存在新太古代的陆核。1641~1551Ma(加权平均年龄为1597Ma)代表了小庙岩组发生变质的时间,而物源区最晚变质年龄为1690Ma,从而确定小庙岩组形成于1690~1597Ma,属中元古代。对比碎屑锆石年龄频谱和东昆仑地区较老变质基底记录的构造-热事件信息,小庙岩组主要沉积物源可能来自于古元古界白沙河岩组,而东昆仑与华北在古元古代末—中元古代早期构造事件的对比揭示,在这一时期二者具有相似的构造演化特征。     

三种软体动物闭壳肌-壳界面结构研究

闭壳肌的疤痕部位（AMS）是闭壳肌和壳的固定点。它是一个重要的有机-无机界面和应力分布面。尽管有一些近期的研究进展,我们对AMS组成和结构的了解仍然是有限的。这里,我们研究比较了三种双壳类动物：厚壳贻贝、栉孔扇贝、菲律宾蛤仔的AMS。结果表明这三种动物的AMS明显不同。厚壳贻贝和栉孔扇贝在AMS的壳结构珍珠片层上部有一柱状层,该层在厚壳贻贝中的结构更有规律。菲律宾蛤仔缺乏此柱状层。原子力显微镜结果显示在三种软体动物中AMS的结构比珍珠层结构更光滑。傅立叶变换红外分析结果显示珍珠层和AMS层组成成分略有不同。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳蛋白分离结果显示在厚壳贻贝界面柱状层存在一种约70 kDa的蛋白。对这种蛋白的进一步分析显示其还有较高摩尔比的Asx（Asp+Asn）,Glx（Glu+Gln）和Gly。AMS的特殊结构和组成对其稳定性、粘性以及在该应力分散部位的功能有重要作用。     

Lateglacial and Holocene variation in aeolian sediment flux over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by laminated sediments of a saline meromictic lake

Predominantly laminated lake sediments from a saline closed‐basin lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau were investigated using a multi‐proxy approach (¹⁴C‐accelerator mass spectrometry dating, smear‐slide analysis, loss on ignition, grain size, X‐ray diffraction, elemental concentration, ostracod assemblages, stable isotopes of ostracod shells) to trace the regional environmental and climatic history in the Lateglacial and Holocene. Before about 15 cal. ka BP, small saline water bodies probably filled the basin under unstable cold and harsh environmental conditions. Soon after about 14.9 cal. ka BP, a relatively deep saline lake was established, probably as a result of runoff from melting snow, ice and frozen ground in the lake's catchment. Large changes in flux of aeolian material to the lake were recorded during this initial period of formation of Lake Kuhai. Highest lake levels, a low sediment accumulation rate and less saline conditions were maintained between about 12.8 and 7.1 cal. ka BP when the aeolian influx diminished significantly. After about 7.1 cal. ka BP, the aeolian influx remained at a moderate level apart from a strongly increased dust delivery to the lake between about 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP and a minor short‐lived period of slightly enhanced aeolian influx at about 2.7 cal. ka BP. The strongly enhanced dust input to the lake between 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP represented the largest influx of aeolian material to Lake Kuhai during the entire Holocene. However, evidence for climatic deterioration during this period is not seen at most other palaeoclimate sites on the Tibetan Plateau, but instead a significant increase in aridity has been recorded at numerous sites in the northern foreland of the Tibetan Plateau and on the Chinese Loess Plateau. The large dust input to Lake Kuhai between 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP probably did not result from a severe climate deterioration on the Tibetan Plateau itself, but from the pronounced aridity in its northern and eastern foreland. In contrast, the increase in dust influx about 2.7 cal. ka BP seems to correspond to a brief warming spell recorded at other sites on the Tibetan Plateau too. A slight increase in lake level and decrease in salinity after about 0.6 cal. ka BP suggests a slightly higher effective moisture during the final lake stage, accompanied by a somewhat larger dust influx. This apparent contradiction possibly results from enhanced human activities on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the last 600 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late glacial vegetation and climate oscillations on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from the Lake Naleng pollen profile

We present a late glacial pollen record (17,700 to 8500 cal yr BP) from a Lake Naleng sediment core. Lake Naleng is located on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (31.10°N 99.75°E, 4200 m) along the upper tree-line. Variations in the summer monsoon are evident from shifts in vegetation that correspond to late glacial climate trends from other monsoon-sensitive regions. Alpine steppe was recorded between 17,700 and 14,800 cal yr BP, indicating low effective moisture at the study site. Expansion of alpine meadows followed by advances in the position of tree-line around Lake Naleng suggest that climate became warmer and wetter between ∼ 14,800 and 12,500 cal yr BP, probably representing an enhancement of the Asian monsoon. Climatic cooling and reduced effective moisture are inferred from multivariate analysis and the upward retreat of tree-line between ∼ 12,500 and 11,700 cal yr BP. The timing and nature of these shifts to warm, wet and then cold, dry climatic conditions suggest that they correspond to the Bølling/Allerød and Younger Dryas intervals. Abies-Betula forests, representing warm and moist conditions, spread during the early Holocene.