胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸,大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品,以原油为唯一碳源和能源,富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明,Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌,都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选,获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌,分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率,其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明,石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃,对多环芳烃的降解能力较差,其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大,仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大,其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析,表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群,其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力,为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。     

接收机钟跳对GPS定位的影响及探测方法

介绍GPS接收机的钟跳现象,并从GPS观测模型入手,分析钟跳的基本原理及其对GPS载波相位观测值和伪距观测值产生的影响,讨论钟跳的处理方式,给出一种探测钟跳的有效方法,并建议在处理接收机钟跳为毫秒跳类型的数据时,在精度允许范围内可以作为周跳进行处理,数据量较大时可以引入新的模糊度进行解算。     

陕南勉略宁地区黑木林-硖口驿新元古代镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

对于扬子板块西北缘新元古代早—中期(835～720 Ma)岩浆岩形成的构造背景尚存在较大争议。本文对陕南勉略宁地区碧口微地块内黑木林-硖口驿SSZ型(俯冲带上盘型)蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩、辉长闪长岩和变安山质玄武岩分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、岩石学及岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明,木瓜园辉长岩和变安山质玄武岩属岛弧拉斑玄武岩系列,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均呈右倾型,具有微弱的Eu负异常,微量元素原始地幔标准化图解显示其富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE)而亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta等),与岛弧岩浆岩相似。黑木林、硖口驿辉长闪长岩属钙碱性系列。黑木林辉长闪长岩具与Bonin弧前玻安质岩石类似的地球化学特征,具较高的SiO₂含量(54.27%～56.79%)、MgO含量(11.10%～17.04%)和较低的TiO₂含量(0.08%～0.19%),富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U和Pb,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti,以及弱的Zr、Hf正异常等特征。硖口驿辉长闪长岩MgO含量较低(4.24%～8.9...     

基于超像元词包特征和主动学习的高分遥感影像变化检测

为解决高分辨率遥感影像变化检测中存在底层特征缺乏语义信息、像元级的检测结果存在“椒盐”现象以及监督分类中样本标注自动化程度较低,本文提出一种基于超像元词包特征和主动学习的变化检测方法。首先采用熵率分割算法获取叠加影像的超像元对象;其次提取两期影像像元点对间的邻近相关影像特征（相关度、斜率和截距）和顾及邻域的纹理变化强度特征（均值、方差、同质性和相异性）,经线性组合作为像元点对的底层特征;然后基于像元点对底层特征利用BOW模型构建超像元词包特征,并采用一种改进标注策略的主动学习方法从无标记样本池中优选信息量较大的样本,且自动标注样本类别;最后训练分类器模型完成变化检测。通过选用2组不同地区的GF-2影像和Worldview-Ⅱ影像作为数据源进行实验,实验结果中2组数据集的F1分数分别为0.8714、0.8554,正确率分别为0.9148、0.9022,漏检率分别为0.1681、0.1868,误检率分别为0.0852、0.0978。结果表明,该法能有效识别变化区域、提高变化检测精度。此外,传统主动学习方法与改进标注策略的主动学习方法的学习曲线对比显示,改进的标注策略可在较低精度损失下,有效提高样本标注自动化程度。     

Towards the understanding from sea surface to hadal zone—A multidisciplinary study of the Yap Trench

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology -     

Vertical variations of dissolved carbohydrates in the North Yap Trench

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The concentrations of dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO), and total carbohydrates (TCHO) in the seawater samples collected from the north...     

青海东昆仑东段塔妥地区小庙岩组变质岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

东昆仑地区小庙岩组的形成时代长期存在争议,且缺少精确的年代学证据。以东昆仑东段塔妥地区小庙岩组变质碎屑岩为研究对象,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法,探讨其形成时代。结果显示,锆石具有较宽的年龄谱(1551~2624Ma),可划分为2624~2603Ma、2501~2290Ma、2196~2036Ma和1921~1551Ma年龄组,最后一组可进一步划分为1921~1690Ma和1641~1551Ma两个亚组。其中1921~1690Ma代表了物源区强烈的变质岩浆热事件,具有最强峰值特征(峰值年龄为1783Ma),而2501~2290Ma代表了源区一次变质事件,并有少量2196~2036Ma年龄记录,个别2600Ma的碎屑锆石暗示东昆仑地区存在新太古代的陆核。1641~1551Ma(加权平均年龄为1597Ma)代表了小庙岩组发生变质的时间,而物源区最晚变质年龄为1690Ma,从而确定小庙岩组形成于1690~1597Ma,属中元古代。对比碎屑锆石年龄频谱和东昆仑地区较老变质基底记录的构造-热事件信息,小庙岩组主要沉积物源可能来自于古元古界白沙河岩组,而东昆仑与华北在古元古代末—中元古代早期构造事件的对比揭示,在这一时期二者具有相似的构造演化特征。     

三种软体动物闭壳肌-壳界面结构研究

闭壳肌的疤痕部位（AMS）是闭壳肌和壳的固定点。它是一个重要的有机-无机界面和应力分布面。尽管有一些近期的研究进展,我们对AMS组成和结构的了解仍然是有限的。这里,我们研究比较了三种双壳类动物：厚壳贻贝、栉孔扇贝、菲律宾蛤仔的AMS。结果表明这三种动物的AMS明显不同。厚壳贻贝和栉孔扇贝在AMS的壳结构珍珠片层上部有一柱状层,该层在厚壳贻贝中的结构更有规律。菲律宾蛤仔缺乏此柱状层。原子力显微镜结果显示在三种软体动物中AMS的结构比珍珠层结构更光滑。傅立叶变换红外分析结果显示珍珠层和AMS层组成成分略有不同。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳蛋白分离结果显示在厚壳贻贝界面柱状层存在一种约70 kDa的蛋白。对这种蛋白的进一步分析显示其还有较高摩尔比的Asx（Asp+Asn）,Glx（Glu+Gln）和Gly。AMS的特殊结构和组成对其稳定性、粘性以及在该应力分散部位的功能有重要作用。     

Lateglacial and Holocene variation in aeolian sediment flux over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by laminated sediments of a saline meromictic lake

Predominantly laminated lake sediments from a saline closed‐basin lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau were investigated using a multi‐proxy approach (¹⁴C‐accelerator mass spectrometry dating, smear‐slide analysis, loss on ignition, grain size, X‐ray diffraction, elemental concentration, ostracod assemblages, stable isotopes of ostracod shells) to trace the regional environmental and climatic history in the Lateglacial and Holocene. Before about 15 cal. ka BP, small saline water bodies probably filled the basin under unstable cold and harsh environmental conditions. Soon after about 14.9 cal. ka BP, a relatively deep saline lake was established, probably as a result of runoff from melting snow, ice and frozen ground in the lake's catchment. Large changes in flux of aeolian material to the lake were recorded during this initial period of formation of Lake Kuhai. Highest lake levels, a low sediment accumulation rate and less saline conditions were maintained between about 12.8 and 7.1 cal. ka BP when the aeolian influx diminished significantly. After about 7.1 cal. ka BP, the aeolian influx remained at a moderate level apart from a strongly increased dust delivery to the lake between about 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP and a minor short‐lived period of slightly enhanced aeolian influx at about 2.7 cal. ka BP. The strongly enhanced dust input to the lake between 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP represented the largest influx of aeolian material to Lake Kuhai during the entire Holocene. However, evidence for climatic deterioration during this period is not seen at most other palaeoclimate sites on the Tibetan Plateau, but instead a significant increase in aridity has been recorded at numerous sites in the northern foreland of the Tibetan Plateau and on the Chinese Loess Plateau. The large dust input to Lake Kuhai between 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP probably did not result from a severe climate deterioration on the Tibetan Plateau itself, but from the pronounced aridity in its northern and eastern foreland. In contrast, the increase in dust influx about 2.7 cal. ka BP seems to correspond to a brief warming spell recorded at other sites on the Tibetan Plateau too. A slight increase in lake level and decrease in salinity after about 0.6 cal. ka BP suggests a slightly higher effective moisture during the final lake stage, accompanied by a somewhat larger dust influx. This apparent contradiction possibly results from enhanced human activities on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the last 600 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late glacial vegetation and climate oscillations on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from the Lake Naleng pollen profile

We present a late glacial pollen record (17,700 to 8500 cal yr BP) from a Lake Naleng sediment core. Lake Naleng is located on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (31.10°N 99.75°E, 4200 m) along the upper tree-line. Variations in the summer monsoon are evident from shifts in vegetation that correspond to late glacial climate trends from other monsoon-sensitive regions. Alpine steppe was recorded between 17,700 and 14,800 cal yr BP, indicating low effective moisture at the study site. Expansion of alpine meadows followed by advances in the position of tree-line around Lake Naleng suggest that climate became warmer and wetter between ∼ 14,800 and 12,500 cal yr BP, probably representing an enhancement of the Asian monsoon. Climatic cooling and reduced effective moisture are inferred from multivariate analysis and the upward retreat of tree-line between ∼ 12,500 and 11,700 cal yr BP. The timing and nature of these shifts to warm, wet and then cold, dry climatic conditions suggest that they correspond to the Bølling/Allerød and Younger Dryas intervals. Abies-Betula forests, representing warm and moist conditions, spread during the early Holocene.