甘青藏地区现代土壤中有机质类异戊二烯烃来源及地质意义

本文通过对海拔高度在2500~4500 m的甘肃南部和祁连山、青海东部、西藏东部林中表土、林间表土、森林上限表土、森林下限表土、森林上限高山草甸土,以及青海玉树冬给错纳地区亚高山荒漠—草甸土中可溶有机质正构烷烃分析,利用检测出的类异戊二烯烃的分布特征,对Pr(姥鲛烷)、Ph(植烷)的成因特征进行研究。结果表明,在不同地理环境土壤中均有明显的Pr、Ph存在,Pr/Ph(姥植比)主要为0.6~1.4,平均0.95;Pr/n-C17值主要为0.2-1.2,平均0.64;Ph/n-C18值主要为0.4~1.4,平均0.85。Pr和Ph不仅在水体中生成,在土壤环境中也可以形成。Pr/Ph值与不同生态环境土壤之间没有明确的相关性,但与不同地理区域有一定的联系。在较为温湿的土壤中Pr优势,可能与微生物活动强烈,采用有氧呼吸方式降解有机质有关;干旱、寒冷土壤中Ph优势,可能主要与厌氧发酵有关。由于生成Pr、Ph有机母质及演化途径的差异,以及热演化、成岩过程中的转变,其比值很大程度上影响对沉积盆地原始介质环境信息的判断。     

Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry for quick detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in environmental water samples

Detection of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria has largely been dependent on targeted gene sequencing technology or traditional cell cultivation, which usually takes from days to months to carry out. This clearly does not meet the requirements of analysis for time-sensitive samples and/or complicated environmental samples. Since energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) can be used to simultaneously detect multiple elements in a sample, including sulfur, with minimal sample treatment, this technology was applied to detect sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using their high sulfur content within the cell. This article describes the application of scanning electron microscopy imaging coupled with EDS mapping for quick detection of sulfur oxidizers in contaminated environmental water samples, with minimal sample handling. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the existence of dense granules within the bacterial cells, while EDS identified large amounts of sulfur within them. EDS mapping localized the sulfur to these granules. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacteria detected in our samples belonged to the genus Chromatium, which are sulfur oxidizers. Thus, EDS mapping made it possible to identify sulfur oxidizers in environmental samples based on localized sulfur within their cells, within a short time (within 24 h of sampling). This technique has wide ranging applications for detection of sulfur bacteria in environmental water samples.     

New Discovery of Neocalamites from the Upper Triassic Daheba Formation in West Qinling,Northwest China

正Objective Neocalamites is a common plant fossil from the Triassic to the Middle Jurassic. Neocalamites fossils are commonly found in coal-bearing sedimentary rocks of Rhaetian stage from South China and the Yanchang Group from North China(Mei and Liu, 2017). Moreover, the fossils also distribute in the Late Triassic such as the Babaoshan Group in Dulan and Darigemole Group in Gangcha of Qinghai Province, the Haojiagou Formation in Turpan and     

Distribution pattern and geochemical analysis of rare earth elements in deep-ocean sediments

The content and distribution pattern of rare earth elements(REEs)in surface sediments from the Eastern and Western Pacifi c Ocean,the Northern and Southern Atlantic Ocean,and the Southwestern Indian Ocean were explored and the resources and geochemical characteristics of REEs in deep-ocean sediments from diff erent oceans were studied.The total REE abundances(ΣREE)in the diff erent oceans ranged as follows:Eastern Pacifi c,56.88–500.02μg/g;Western Pacifi c,290.68–439.94μg/g;Northern Atlantic,55.33–154.90μg/g;Southern Atlantic,40.83–69.30μg/g;and Southwestern Indian Ocean,20.24–64.76μg/g.Their corresponding LREE(La-Eu)/HREE(Gd-Lu)average values were 5.18,5.86,9.01,5.21,and 4.59,which indicated that the light REEs were all evidently enriched.δEu andδCe showed slight Eu-negative anomalies and signifi cant Ce-positive anomalies in all sediments.Although the contents of REEs in the sediments varied among the diff erent oceans,the distribution patterns of REEs were similar,and the correlation coeffi cient was greater than 0.9290.In the Eastern Pacifi c sediments,ΣREE showed a signifi cantly positive correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and a weak correlation with Fe.In the Western Pacifi c and Southern Atlantic sediments,ΣREE presented no obvious correlation and a weakly negative correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and Fe,respectively.ΣREE in the Southwestern Indian Ocean sediments positively correlated with Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo,Fe,and had a weakly negative correlation with Co.     

博斯腾湖碳酸盐和同位素组成的全新世古环境演变高分辨记录及与冰川活动的响应

本文通过对在新疆南部塔里木盆地北缘博斯腾湖采集的一根953cm的岩心进行了早全新世以来的古气候重建。对BSTC2000岩心进行了碳酸盐矿物组成、Ca/1000Sr,有机质TOC,C/N和C/S分析,并结合BSTC2000岩心附近的一个沉积物剖面的孢粉资料,利用多指标重建了8500aBP以来的古气候变化特征。在2个平行岩心中对保存的植物叶片、草籽,以及全有机质进行了9个AMS14C年代测定。8500～8100aBP气候冷湿,钻孔位置为河流-滨湖相环境,沉积物中有3层泥炭层。从8100～6400aBP,气温升高,湖泊扩张,气候暖湿,湖泊可能为最高湖面时期。而从6400～5100aBP湖泊稍微下降,气候变冷。在中全新世晚期从5100～3100aBP气候变得高温干旱,但其间的4400～3800aBP有短暂的气候变冷,早期大量的冰雪融水补给博斯腾湖,使得湖泊水位上升。湖泊的第二个高湖面期是5200～3800aBP。在3100～2200aBP气候冷湿,由于蒸发减弱而湖泊有所扩张,湖泊在3100至2800aBP期间是最后一次短暂的高湖面期。这次短期高湖面后,湖泊由于较长时期的低温而引起的供水减少,湖泊收缩。从2200～1200aBP,气候变得干热,湖泊收缩。尽管从1200aBP以来,温度有所下降,气候变得暖干,湖泊又开始有所上升,但是没有达到博斯腾湖出水口孔雀河的海拔高度。     

北京顺义断裂第四纪活动性地球物理及钻孔综合探测证据

顺义断裂是北京平原区重要的隐伏断裂之一,其第四纪活动性及其对地表地裂缝地质灾害影响的研究是优化首都地区国土空间开发格局和防灾减灾体系建设的必要工作。针对隐伏断裂的复杂性特征,利用可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、浅层人工地震、高密度电阻率法地球物理探测,以及钻孔地层剖面记录等方法,综合分析顺义断裂第四纪活动特征,结果表明:①顺义断裂走向NE,倾向SE,正断活动特征,为全新世活动断裂,北小营附近断裂上下盘早更新世、中更新世、晚更新世和全新世以来的垂直滑动速率分别为0.23mm/a、0.03 mm/a、0.29 mm/a和0.51 mm/a;②断裂第四纪以来时空存在明显差异,时间上,早更新世断裂活动性较强,中更新世活动弱,晚更新世活动性增强,全新世以来活动性最强,空间上,第四纪以来顺义断裂南段的活动性较北段强;③顺义断裂现今仍具有一定蠕滑活动特征,并对浅地表部地裂缝发育具有明显的控制作用,这可能是顺义地裂缝发育的主要原因。     

整体最小二乘和最小二乘拟合空间直线的比较

给出整体最小二乘法拟合空间直线的一种迭代算法。将空间直线垂直投影到坐标平面,分别采用整体最小二乘法和最小二乘法拟合直线。对坐标点等精度观测、非等精度观测和坐标分量非等精度观测3种场景进行模拟计算,比较两种方法估计的参数和验后单位权方差,并对三维激光扫描仪实测数据拟合结果进行分析。     

东昆仑造山带波洛斯太地区晚三叠世中酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义

东昆仑造山带东段波洛斯太地区出露一套晚三叠世中酸性火山岩,对研究古特提斯洋关闭及碰撞造山过程具有重要意义.通过对该火山岩进行详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素研究来确定其形成时代、岩石成因和构造环境.研究结果表明,英安岩加权平均年龄为233.4±1.3 Ma和234.7±1.5 Ma,形成时代为晚三叠世.火...     

有机质饱和烃和δ13Corg.记录的博斯腾湖早全新世晚期以来生态环境演变

通过对新疆博斯腾湖湖芯沉积物中有机质饱和烃、有机质碳同位素组成（δ13Corg.）以及与前人得到的环境代用指标结果综合分析,重建了博斯腾湖从早全新世晚期以来古生态环境和湖泊水文的变化历史。结果表明,博斯腾湖大约在8130cal.a B.P. 之前气候冷湿,湖泊不发育; 约在8130~6400cal.a B.P. 为暖湿的全新世适宜期,博斯腾湖流域降水和开都河径流量增加,湖泊水位上升外溢,水生植物及陆生植物发育; 6400~5500cal.a B.P. 左右冷湿,有效湿度较高,湖泊仍处于较高水位; 5500~3000cal.a B.P. 左右气候波动明显,为温干时期,而大约在4500~3900cal.a B.P. 期间降温,为冷干环境; 3000cal.a B.P. 以来气温降低,2300~1250cal.a B.P. 左右气温有所回升,大约自1250cal.a B.P. 以来博斯腾湖地区自然环境逐渐干旱恶化,陆生植物发育较差,而湖泊中沉水植物发育较好。