Re-assessment of the paleoclimate implications of the Shell Bar in the Qaidam Basin,China

The Shell Bar in the Qaidam Basin, China, is a prominent geological feature composed of millions of densely packed Corbicula shells. Since the mid 1980s, it has been regarded as evidence for existence of a large lake during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 in the presently hyper-arid Qaidam Basin. Early studies suggested the bivalve shells accumulated at the shore of a large lake, whereas more recent work led to the conclusion that the Shell Bar was formed within a deeper water body. Based on our re-assessment of sediments and fossils from the Shell Bar, investigation of exposed fluvio-lacustrine sections upstream of the Shell Bar and study of nearby modern streams, we infer that the Shell Bar represents a stream deposit. Corbicula is a typical stream-dweller around the world. Preservation of Corbicula shells of different sizes, as well as occurrence of many articulated shells, provide evidence against post-mortem transport and accumulation along a lake shore. Additionally, the SE-NW alignment of the Shell Bar is similar to modern intermittent stream beds in its vicinity and corresponds to the present-day slope towards the basin centre further NW, and furthermore, the predominantly sandy sediments also indicate that the Shell Bar was formed in a stream. Abundant ostracod shells in the Shell Bar sediments originated from stream-dwelling species that are abundant in modern streams in the vicinity of the Shell Bar, or in part from fluvio-lacustrine sediments exposed upstream of the Shell Bar, as a result of erosion and re-deposition. Deflation of alluvial fine-grained sediments in the Shell Bar region and protection of the stream deposits by the large and thick-walled Corbicula shells reversed the former channel relief and yielded the modern exposure, which is a prominent morphological feature. Occurrence of Corbicula shells in the Qaidam Basin indicates climate was apparently warmer than present during the formation of the Shell Bar because Corbicula does not live at similar or higher altitudes in the region today. Because the Shell Bar is no longer considered a deposit formed within a lake, its presence does not indicate paleoclimate conditions wetter than today.     

东昆仑东段东昆中构造带韧性剪切作用及其地质意义

东昆仑东段东昆中构造带经历了多期(次)构造事件,现今保留了复杂多样的构造样式。哈图沟、清水泉—塔妥和沟里等地区构造变形十分强烈,且发育有呈NWW-SEE展布的韧性剪切带。通过野外调研及显微构造研究,对东昆中构造带几何学、运动学及动力学等进行了分析,并通过费氏台和EBSD技术对其进行石英C轴组构分析后认为该剪切带为一压-扭性构造界面,且早期为左旋逆冲,晚期为右旋走滑,变形温度为400~550℃。对剪切带内的石英亚颗粒及动态重结晶粒度测量计算出研究区内韧性剪切带古应力值约为153.791 MPa。哈图沟牦牛山组变形砾岩(4个测点)有限应变测量结果显示,越靠近东昆中断裂带砾石Flinn指数、应变程度、罗德系数(绝对值)越大,且Flinn指数均大于1,属拉伸变形。结合区域地质资料,认为东昆仑东段东昆中韧性剪切带形成于晚海西—印支期。     

扬子西北缘碧口微地块南华系碎屑锆石物源示踪及其地质意义

扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块华严寺地区碧口群之上发育一套含砾沉积地层,其确切沉积时限对研究该区域的沉积—构造演化具有重要意义。本文对该套地层中的2件砂岩样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结果显示,锆石晶型较好,无色透明,磨圆度较差,具典型岩浆生长振荡环带和韵律结构,Th/U比值为0.28～3.6,锆石U-Pb年龄介于706～2 489Ma之间。存在3个主要的年龄组：新元古代年龄组（706～951 Ma）,占92.9%,显著峰值为850 Ma和843 Ma;中元古代年龄组（1 017～1 080 Ma）,占2.6%;古元古代年龄组（1 628～2 489 Ma）,占4.5%。最小年龄组为706～715 Ma（峰值为711 Ma）,结合区域地质和研究资料,华严寺地区沉积地层时代应属于南华纪,沉积时限约为720～635 Ma,物源区主要包括扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块以及南东侧的后龙门山构造带和汉南—米仓山微地块。新元古代晚期碧口微地块及扬子板块西北缘后碰撞—裂解阶段,华严寺地区南华纪沉积为碧口微地块及邻区新元古代岩浆岩在边缘裂谷环境中快速堆积形成。     

Sub-Recent Sexual Populations of Limnocythere inopinata Recorded for the First Time from > 3500 m Altitude on the Tibetan Plateau

<正>The central and northwestern Tibetan Plateau region,also called"Qiangtang Plateau"(30°27'25"-35°39'13"N,83o41'14"-95°10'46"E),is the highest and largest arcticalpine area of the Earth covering approximately 600,000km~2 with altitude ranging from 4600 to 5100 m a.s.l.(Song et al.,2012,Fig.1).Ostracod species of     

东昆仑造山带东段哈图沟–清水泉–沟里韧性剪切带塑性变形及动力学条件研究

东昆仑造山带东段哈图沟–清水泉–沟里韧性剪切带记录了多个旋回的造山作用,本文通过对韧性剪切带中石英c轴组构和显微构造特征测试分析,探讨东昆仑造山带东段陆块间俯冲拼合及地壳伸展减薄的形成机制。结果显示,韧性剪切带变形温度介于380~650℃之间,形成环境为中–高绿片岩相到低角闪岩相,剪切带内差异应力值介于173~509 MPa之间,应变速率介于6.93×10–14~1.43×10–8 s–1之间,主体为10–11~10–10 s–1,显示韧性剪切带变形是快速俯冲作用下的产物,越靠近东昆仑造山带东段东昆中断裂带其变形温度、差异应力值及相应的应变速率值越大,表明东昆仑造山带东段韧性剪切变形中心为东昆中断裂带。利用不同方法所计算出的韧性剪切带运动学涡度值,显示韧性剪切带早期瞬时运动学涡度(0.56~1)对应于东昆仑造山带东段东昆南与东昆仑造山带东段东昆北陆块间俯冲的初始阶段,中后期运动学涡度(0.25~0.91)应当对应于东昆南与东昆北陆块间的俯冲碰撞阶段,最晚期的C′瞬时运动学涡度(0.19~0.51)则对应于后造山的伸展阶段。通过石英c轴组构结合其宏微观构造特征,认为东昆中构造带至少经历了3个期次的构造运动,分别为加里东晚期的逆冲兼左行走滑剪切作用、晚海西–印支期的逆冲兼右行走滑剪切作用和燕山早期及之后的脆韧性–脆性的左行走滑剪切作用。     

1999—2009年新疆能源消费碳排放的因素分解及实证研究

从影响因素角度用LMDI分解方法对新疆1999—2009年的碳排放进行研究。结果表明:能源结构和能源强度对新疆人均碳排放增长起抑制效应,且能源强度的抑制效应大于能源结构的抑制效应;产业规模和人口规模对新疆人均碳排放增长起拉动效应,且产业规模的拉动效应大于人口规模的拉动效应。能源强度和能源结构的抑制效应难以抵消由产业规模和人口规模拉动的新疆人均碳排放的增长。在实证研究结果的基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

气候因素变化对许昌烟区的影响及适应性分析

分析了许昌烟区1971—2005年4个年代气候因素变化特点,采用隶属度函数模型和指数和法,估算了许昌各县（市）的气候适生性指数（CFI）,并对其变化原因进行了分析。结果表明：不同年代各县（市）的CFI均在0．80以上,表明各县（市）均属烤烟生产气候适宜区。从4个年代CFI的均值来看,许昌县〉长葛〉襄城〉禹州〉鄢陵;从4个年代CFI变异程度来看,禹州〉长葛〉襄城〉鄢陵〉许昌县。各县（市）不同年代的CFI均呈“低-高-高-低”变化趋势;20世纪80年代以来,许昌县、襄城、长葛、禹州的CFI值及变化趋势基本一致,均明显高于鄢陵。80年代至21世纪初鄢陵的气候适生性指数明显低于其他县（市）,与伸根期温度相对较低,旺长期和成熟期多雨、高湿有关。     

东昆仑古特提斯后碰撞阶段伸展作用:来自晚三叠世岩浆岩的证据

通过对东昆仑造山带晚三叠世岩浆岩的岩石类型、形成时代、岩石地球化学和同位素地球化学资料综合分析,对岩浆岩的岩石组合、分布特征和岩石成因进行研究,探讨东昆仑造山带晚三叠世构造演化的地球动力学背景。东昆仑造山带晚三叠世是古特提斯演化过程中重要的构造转换期,岩浆岩岩石类型多样,主要包括辉长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,并且广泛出露具埃达克质特征的岩浆岩和A型花岗岩。晚三叠世岩浆岩的出露规模与俯冲阶段相比,规模较小,一般以小岩体、岩株和岩脉侵入于早期岩体和地层中。东昆仑晚三叠世岩浆岩主体为准铝-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,轻重稀土元素具有一定分异,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,岩石类型不同时分异程度、富集和亏损程度有一定差异。大部分晚三叠世花岗质岩浆岩的同位素特征与晚二叠世-三叠纪镁铁质岩浆岩近似,部分具有更高的εNd(t)和εHf(t)值。镁铁质岩浆岩、普通花岗岩、埃达克质岩浆岩在东昆仑各个构造带皆有分布,A型花岗岩主要分布在祁漫塔格构造带(东昆北)的阿牙克库木湖-香日德断裂附近。东昆仑晚三叠世镁铁质岩浆岩具有弧岩浆岩特征,为俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产物。普通花岗岩和埃达克质岩浆岩多为新生下地壳部分熔融产物,少量埃达克质岩浆岩由于与地幔的交代作用,具有幔源特征。A型花岗岩为残留下地壳部分熔融的产物。部分普通花岗岩、埃达克质岩浆岩和A型花岗岩由于岩浆混合作用,具幔源特征。构造环境研究表明,东昆仑在晚三叠世进入古特提斯演化的后碰撞阶段。巴颜喀拉地块同东昆仑地块的持续碰撞导致地壳加厚,密度增大,使岩石圈重力不稳定发生拆沉作用,引发岩石圈地幔减压熔融,产生大量的镁铁质岩浆岩;镁铁质岩浆底侵不同类型地壳熔融及拆沉地壳部分熔融而形成的岩浆交代地幔,以及岩浆混合和岩浆后期演化,形成了东昆仑造山带晚三叠世丰富多样的岩浆岩。     

Water characteristics of abyssal and hadal zones in the southern Yap Trench observed with the submersible Jiaolong

Using observations in an applied cruise of the submersible Jiaolong, water characteristics, geostrophic transport, and turbulent mixing in abyssal and hadal zones of the southern Yap Trench were studied. The spatial structures of deep water show that the abyssal water is cold, saline, and oxygen rich. The hadal water has very small changes in potential temperature and potential density, and a little decrease in salinity and obvious decrease in oxygen. The isotherm, isopycnal, and isohaline are depressed in abyss over the central trench. The turbulent mixing is enhanced in the near-bottom zone and the hadal water on the trench slope, especially at the steep slope, the dissipation rate and diffusivity is strong, which weakens the stratification. The geostrophic flows move southward in the western region of the trench and northward in the eastern region, indicating cyclonic circulation. In the central region of the trench, the water transport is ~1.74 Sv southward. In the hadal zone, the northward and southward transports are balanced. Our analysis suggests that the abyssal water in the southern Yap Trench is from Lower Circumpolar Water (LCPW) and the hadal water seems to be of the isolated local water rather than LCPW.