Soil moisture dynamics under different land uses on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi,China

Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture are little known on karst hillslope with shallow soil in subtropical region. The objectives of this paper were (1) to investigate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture at depth of 0–10 cm under different land uses; and (2) to understand the relationship between mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of moisture contents on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China. Soil moisture contents had a moderate variation (CV 17.5–30.3%) over an 8-month period and they had a significant difference among different land uses at the 0.01 level with a decreasing order: native scrubland > abandoned cropland and sloping cropland > economic forestland. There were higher mean and lower CV of moisture contents in rainy season than those in drought season. Mean and CV of moisture contents had a significant negative linear relationship except in abandoned cropland with higher soil and vegetation heterogeneity. This suggested that spatial variability of soil moisture within sampling sites would decrease when soils were wet and increase when soils were arid. Compared with rainy season, more soil samples may be needed and the interval for sampling should be shortened in drought season. Such information provided some insights to better understand the dynamics and variability of soil moisture at a larger scale in karst region of southwest China.     

大同—阳高地震前后重力变化分析

汇总了１９８９年１０月１８日大同—阳高６．１级地震前４个单位所观测到的重力异常变化资料，在叙述重力异常的基础上，讨论分析了此次地震的重力前兆特征。并结合形变资料、地震构造资料讨论了重力场的变化，得出这些变化可能与地震构造活动有关的结论。     

干旱环境下氯盐和硫酸盐对遗址土体强度的影响

为了探讨氯盐和硫酸盐对遗址土体强度的影响,本文通过室内试验,对洗盐后的素土分别以0.2%的梯度加入NaCl和Na2SO4两种可溶盐,测试特定盐分含量和类别的含盐土在干旱环境下的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性波速以及抗风蚀能力的变化。试验结果表明：在室内环境条件下,盐分的存在对土体起着一定的胶结固化作用,使得土体的强度表现出相应程度的增大,并且硫酸盐对土体的胶结固化作用比氯盐显著。随着盐分含量的增加,含盐试样的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度呈现出指数形式的增大; 垂直于压制方向和平行于压制方向的弹性波速均呈现出增大的趋势; 随着挟沙风速的增大,试样的风蚀损失量增加,同时在18ms-1的挟沙风速作用下,随着盐分含量的增加,试样的风蚀损失量逐渐减小,含盐试样表现出渐进破坏的形式。     

祁连山西段及酒西盆地区第四纪构造运动的阶段划分

通过沉积地层、地貌、构造形变等的综合研究，对祁连山西段及酒西盆地区第四纪构造运动的期次和阶段进行了划分。上新世晚期以来，这一地区至少经历过６次显著的构造变动或构造事件，其中以玉门、酒泉和白杨河运动最为强烈。针对上述构造事件进行了古地磁、孢粉、红外释光和热释光等方法的综合研究和年龄测定，论述了各阶段构造运动的方式、性质和其它有关特征。     

The Variability of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Pan-STARRS's View

By means of the data sets from the Pan-STARRS1 survey,we have systematically examined the relationship between the variability characteristics and the physical ...     

Radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Southern Bering Sea since Pliocene

Detailed radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Plio-Pleistocene was analyzed by using samples from IODP Site U1340 that was drilled to a core depth of 604 m in the southern Bering Sea. A total of 227 species belonging to 102 genera were identified. Based on the distributions of the radiolarian index species at Site U1340, five radiolarian zones since the Pliocene were established in the southern Bering Sea for the first time, and 25 radiolarian bioevents were recognized. Their ages were estimated on the basis of the age-depth plot that was constructed by the synthetical datum of the effective biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic events. The radiolarian zones at Site U1340 were systematically compared with those in its adjacent regions since the late Early Pliocene, which further improved and interpreted the biostratigraphic datum as well as their correlations in the middle-high latitude of the North Pacific. In addition, the comparative results of radiolarian zones show that Botryostrobus aquilonaris Zone emended in this paper is equivalent to the upper part of the same zone defined by Hays, 1970, and Druppatractus irregularis-Dorydruppa bensoni Zone as well as Spongodiscus sp. Zone, newly proposed in this paper, are well correlated with Cycladophora sakaii Zone and Stylatractus universus Zone in the subarctic North Pacific, respectively.     

Reponses and sensitivities of maize phenology to climate change from 1981 to 2009 in Henan Province,China

With the global warming, crop phenological shifts in responses to climate change have become a hot research topic. Based on the long-term observed agro-meteorological phenological data (1981–2009) and meteorological data, we quantitatively analyzed temporal and spatial shifts in maize phenology and their sensitivities to key climate factors change using climate tendency rate and sensitivity analysis methods. Results indicated that the sowing date was significantly delayed and the delay tendency rate was 9.0 d·10a^-1. But the stages from emergence to maturity occurred earlier (0.1 d·10a^-1<θ<1.7 d·10a^-1, θ is the change slope of maize phenology). The length of vegetative period (VPL) (from emergence to tasseling) was shortened by 0.9 d·10a^-1, while the length of generative period (GPL) (from tasseling to maturity) was lengthened by 1.7 d·10a^-1. The growing season length (GSL) (from emergence to maturity) was lengthened by 0.4 d·10a^-1. Correlation analysis indicated that maize phenology was significantly correlated with average temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days (GDD) (p<0.01). Average temperature had significant negative correlation relationship, while precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days had significant positive correlations with maize phenology. Sensitivity analysis indicated that maize phenology showed different responses to variations in key climate factors, especially at different sites. The conclusions of this research could provide scientific supports for agricultural adaptation to climate change to address the global food security issue.     

THE INFLUENCE OF HORIZONTALLY NON-UNIFORM HEATING UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRONG CONVECTIVE MESOSCALE DISTURBANCES

It is shown by observational data and synoptic analysis that the development of strong convective echo is influenced by the horizontally non-uniform heating, such as the one caused by lake-land distribution. In this paper, a simple linear cell-convection model is established using an appropriate heating field, and the instability of heating convection is theoretically studied. It is found that the heating convection development will be unstable if the heating-caused temperature gradient dT0/dy is greater than the critical value (dT0/dy)c which is approximately 0.64℃/10 km, and that the development of convective band has a preferred width of 12.5 km. It will take 25 min for the initial disturbance to increase intensity by 10 times. All these results are in rather good agreement with the squall line process in the lake-land region of Jiangsu Province on June 8, 1979.     

利用雷电定位系统进行电网雷击故障快速查询

At present, lightning is one of the 10 natural disasters, and it is also the top environmental factor of power interruption. It often causes huge losses to the electric system. The Wuhan High Voltage Institute of the State Grid Corporation of China and Huazhong University of Science and Technology have been researching and developing lightning location systems （LLSs） since the late 1980s. In the mid-1990s, a lightning detection network was created in 29 provinces and cities in China. It is primarily applied to rapidly find lightning accidents, which greatly reduces power interruption. Also, it ensures high efficiency and safe operation of the electricity system. Remarkable benefit is achieved. China＇s LLS went through an ＂orientation positioning - time difference positioning - integrated positioning＂ development process. The positioning precision, detection efficiency, degree of automation, practicability and applied range are improved. Also, a lightning information system plan of the national network has been implemented, which services the whole society.