Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast

The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators.     

中国及周边地区2000-2004年构造应力图

地震震源机制解是分析岩石圈现代构造应力场的基本资料,直接反映了地壳断层结构的活动特征.因此,整理统计并不断更新地震震源机制解资料及其反映的现今构造应力场状况,并进行构造分析是非常基础且重要的工作.     

全球大震和中国及邻区中强震地震活动 (2006年2-3月)

本目录中的地震参数来自"中国地震台站观测报告"(简称"月报").其中,国内及邻区给出M≥4.7的事件,全球给出M≥6的事件."月报"由中国地震台网中心按月做出.     

双经纬仪虚拟像坐标二维直接定位

提出了一种基于虚拟左、右像片像空间坐标系的二维直接定位法,可快速提取工业测量系统两台经纬仪之间的相对定位元素并完成相对定位。它不用进行迭代,既可以在右测站的定位元素未知时进行定位元素的解算,又具有简单清楚的几何意义。最后用算例对算法进行了验证。     

潮汐形变前驱波的时空特征

分析了潮汐形变观测记录的14个震例中36个前驱波图像的特点、形态、量级,总结了潮汐形变前驱波的时空特征主震震级Ms≥5.9时出现的可能性大,出现的时间多为震前0.1~6.5天;台站对Ms=5、6、7、≥7.9地震的有效监测距离分别为70、300、400、2000km。     

三峡库首区重点断裂围限区蓄水的加卸载效应

通过对蓄水前后三峡库首区构造应力场进行三维数值模拟发现,相对于蓄水前,蓄水至135 m水位时,官渡口断裂-马鹿池断裂-牛口断裂围限区、秭归地理中心和九湾溪断裂带,出现了4个主应力下降区和共轭的主应力增长区,形成了差应力场;175 m水位与135 m水位相比,局部差应力场呈现逆向变化,即形成了加载效应与卸载效应的交替过程。这一过程,可能是水库诱发地震的诱震(或触震)因素。     

长春市强冰雪冻害天气系统及物理量特征

应用1971~2000年长春气象站10月至次年3月的逐日降水量、气温资料以及相应的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过对资料的统计分析,给出了确定长春市发生强冰雪冻害天气的标准;根据对36个历史个例的高低空环流形势的分析,建立了4种强冰雪冻害的天气概念模型:冷涡型、深槽型、浅槽型、锋区平直型;进一步分析了长春市冰雪冻害天气的物理量场、要素场的特征。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区县域土壤有机质空间分布特征及预测

分析、预测土壤属性空间变异及其动态是区域土地质量评价和可持续土地利用的一个重要组成部分。在陕西省横山县采集了254个耕层(0~20cm)土样,利用数字地形与遥感影像分析技术,提取了相关地形与遥感指数,分析不同土地利用类型、不同地形条件下土壤有机质空间变异及分布特征,并利用相关因子进行回归预测分析。结果表明,县域土壤有机质平均含量很低,变异性较大。不同土地利用类型土壤有机质差异显著,其中以水稻田有机质含量最高,而林地和灌木林地相对较低。不同土地利用类型土壤有机质含量次序为:水稻田>川地>梯田>坝地>荒草地>坡耕地>林地>灌木林地。不同坡度分析表明,“0~3°”这一坡度等级有机质含量显著高于其它坡度等级;不同坡向有机质含量差异不显著,但不同坡向有机质含量存在一个明显的趋势,阴坡有机质含量整体上要比阳坡高。相关分析表明土壤有机质与高程h呈现负相关关系,与坡向的余弦值COSα正相关,与复合地形指数CTI正相关;土壤有机质和修正后的土壤调节植被指数(MSAVI)以及湿度指数(WI)正相关。利用相关环境变量及遥感指数进行多元线性逐步回归分析,预测结果不甚理想,存在一个平滑效应,对于残差解释相对较低,须进一步研究以更好的解释残差。     

基于夜间灯光数据的环渤海地区城市化空间模式和过程研究

1 Introduction Urban agglomeration is a system of cities, supporting by the modern transportation and information network in the system, these cities, with different characteristics, types, sizes and hierarchies, interact with each other, and one or two …     

气候变化对中国大雾的影响

1 Introduction The global environmental problem caused by climatic warming has attracted increasing attention of the scientific communities, the public and governments of various countries. The mean temperature of the recent decade is the highest of the p…