某电厂灰场北侧东邵庄地质灾害产生原因及治理设想

本文从某电厂灰场北侧东邵庄村地质灾害现象入手,对灰场－东邵庄村的原生环境水文地质条件和次生环境水文地质条件进行了研究。通过对比该区十多年地下水补,迳,排情况,目前地下水水质与灰场灰水关系,明确了灰场水体阻滞区域地下水迳流是东邵庄村地质环境恶化的主要原因。笔者在总结前人治理灾害经验的基础上,提出了一些进一步的治理设想。     

矿产资源评价中的成矿信息提取与综合技术

矿产资源评价就是运用最新的成矿理论及评价技术对地质调查所获取的信息资料进行了全面的综合分析,科学地评价矿产在位置,数量,质量等,国际地科联于７０年代推广６种基本矿放资源评价方法以来,矿产资源评价理论技术得到了很大发展,同时现代矿产勘查积累了大量的找矿资料,如何在新的成矿理论指导下,使这些宝贵资料在成矿分析中发挥最大效能是一项重要课题,本文综述了目前成矿信息提取与综合的研究现状,并讨论了相应的几个问     

铁硫化物球粒

铁硫化物的合成,通常是通过固－气反应来实现,本文利用电弧放电的方法,使黄铁矿（ＦｅＳ２）还原成磁黄铁矿（Ｆｅ１－ｘＳ）、陨硫铁（ＦｅＳ）和金属铁（Ｆｅ）,利用反光显微镜（ＲＬＭ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）,扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）,透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和能谱（ＥＤＳ）综合研究合成物的特征及各物相的相互关系。初步研究了合成物的电学和磁学性能。讨论在电弧作用的还原环境里,ＦｅＳ２向ＦｅＳ、Ｆｅ１－ｘ和Ｆｅ转变的特     

土钉墙钉长确定和整体稳定性

土钉作为一种新型的挡土技术,已广泛地应用于边坡加固和基坑围护,但目前存在着土钉设计理论落后于实践的局面。本文就土钉的长度计算问题,结合目前土钉设计情况,谈谈如何就整体稳定性安全系数来确定土钉长度,使之既安全又合理。     

河北秦皇岛斑鬣狗巢穴(灵仙洞)及斑鬣狗的集群死亡与埋藏

河北省秦皇岛灵仙洞发现了一批最后斑鬣狗化石,标本达上千件,至少代表了30个不同个体,包括3具骨架(其中骨架Ⅰ是世界上迄今所发现最完整的1具),还发现了一些其他哺乳动物化石,共计26属27种.根据动物群组成、地质地貌以及堆积物的综合分析判断,它的时代可能属于中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期.动物群的生态组合反映当时处于一个温热偏干、半封闭或开阔的山间草原而周边山上有树林的生态环境.标本(尤其是完整骨架)的保存为典型的原地埋藏,死后未受到包括斑鬣狗自身在内的动物干扰和破坏.斑鬣狗在动物群中占绝对优势以及幼年个体和粪化石的发现,表明灵仙洞是一处斑鬣狗族群的巢穴.与其他斑鬣狗巢穴不同的是:斑鬣狗的猎物稀少,鲜见斑鬣狗的活动痕迹,尤其是幼年斑鬣狗啃咬形成的特定产物“nibbling sticks”,这说明灵仙洞既非用于猎物遗骸的储藏,也非用于幼崽的抚养,而是一处共用巢穴,同时也表明灵仙洞的骨骼聚集与埋藏有着特定的成因和机理.     

福建武夷新区地下水分布特征探讨

通过对武夷新区地下水分布规律的研究,分析了不同类型地下水的贮存条件,阐述了该区各类型地下水的环境质量、环境污染和天然资源,对武夷新区地下水资源的开发利用提出建议。     

Potential hazard analysis and risk assessment of debris flow by fuzzy modeling

Taiwan is a mountainous country, so there is an ever present danger of landslide disasters during the rainy seasons or typhoons. This study aims to develop a fuzzy-rule-based risk assessment model for debris flows and to verify the accuracy of risk assessment so as to help related organizations reduce losses caused by debris flows. The database is comprised of information from actual cases of debris flows that occurred in the Hualien area of Taiwan from 2007 to 2008. The established models can assess the likelihood of the occurrence of debris flows using computed indicators, verify modeling errors, and make comparisons between the existing models for practical applications. In the establishment of a fuzzy-based debris flow risk assessment model, possible for accounting it on the basis of far less information regarding a real system and the information can be of an uncertain, fuzzy or inexact character, the influential factors affecting debris flows include the average terrain slope, catchment area, effective catchment area, accumulated rainfall, rainfall intensity, and geological conditions. The results prove that the risk assessment model systems are quite suitable for debris flow risk assessment, with a resultant ratio of success 96?% and a normalized relative error 4.63?%.     

EASY%R_o法在地温梯度恢复中的局限性——以海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷为例

EASY%Ro法是一种寻找能与现今Ro垂向分布达到最佳匹配的古地温梯度的反演热史分析法,涉及到的一个重要环节是有约束条件的最优化计算。基于4种地温梯度约束方式(逐步升高、逐步降低、先降后升、先升后降)的计算发现,EASY%Ro可以得到有差异的地温梯度史结果,又能达到现今相同的Ro分布,即EASY%Ro得到的地温梯度史有一定的不确定性;这种不确定性发生在反演地质时间段的早期。对乌尔逊凹陷4口井4种约束条件得到的地温梯度史结果分析说明,乌尔逊凹陷在大磨拐河组沉积时期的地温梯度值最高,伊敏组至今处于下降过程,大磨拐河组之前的地温梯度无法确定,但不高于大磨拐河组时期。     

Probable causes for cyanobacterial expansion in the Baltic Sea: Role of anoxia and phosphorus retention

This study corroborates the hypothesis that nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have probably occurred as an important component of the phytoplankton community in the Baltic Sea at least since brackish water conditions were initiated 8,500¹⁴C yr BP. Pigment analyses indicate that extensive occurrences started prior to a sharp increase in nutrient levels dated to 7,100¹⁴C yr BP. The cyanobacteria could have functioned as a natural trigger for eutrophication in the Baltic Sea by importing nitrogen. This is also verified by a contemporaneous drop in the δ¹⁵N values from 4‰ to around 2‰. We further conclude that the spreading of cyanobacteria was probably caused by a decrease in nitrogen∶phosphorus (N∶P) in the water mass that resulted from the intrusion of oceanic water with high P levels. The fractionation of P in sediments indicated that iron-bound P was efficiently sequestered under anoxic conditions that occurred as a consequence of the establishment of a stable stratification caused by the marine intrusion. This pool only showed minor variations around 3 μmol g⁻¹ at the freshwater-brackish water transition. All P pools except the CaCO₃ fraction showed a distinct increase around 9,300¹⁴C yr BP prior to the transition. We interpreted this increase as a change in preservation of organic matter or in the source of the sediment. Slightly after 4,000¹⁴C yr BP there was a dramatic drop in all P pools without any corresponding decreases in total N and carbon. Total P decreased from around 75 to 25–30 μmol g⁻¹. The most dramatic drop occurred in the organic bound and the detrital apatite fractions, which decreased by a factor of 3–4. We explain this as a preferential regeneration of P, especially organic P, compared to other nutrients due to more prevalent anoxic conditions.     

基于传输线法模拟探地雷达在多层介质模型中的传播

数值模拟是研究探地雷达电磁波在多层介质中传播规律的有效手段,传输线算法是一种基于Huygens原理的时域分析电磁场方法。这里阐述了TLM方法的基本原理及基本关系式,用TLM方法对多层介质进行了正演模拟,将模拟结果与FDTD方法合成结果进行了对比,结果表明了TLM用于GPR正演计算的正确性及有效性。应用该算法对已有模型进行了定性分析,验证了随着介电常数和电导率增大,雷达电磁波衰减加快的结论。