In the purple hilly region, erosions and landslides are all serious, and it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study their formation mechanism and distribution features there.In this paper, soil micromorphological methods and techniques were used to study the erosion zonal distribution in the region. The results indicated: (1)According to erosion process, the spacial distribution zones of the erosions and landslides in the purple hilly region with different solums were divided into scouring erosion zone, transport-diffusion zone, rocks and soil turbulence zone and sediment-bury zone; (2) The soil micromorphologic taxonomic feature identifying different erosion-landslide zone were found by studying the soil micromorphology of erosive zone in purple hilly region; (3) As for the erosion-landslide formation in the region, besides the external factors, the internal factors were found more important and favorable for landslide formation through the studies on the micormorphologieal features of slide soil. 相似文献
Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development. 相似文献
Along with the continuous urbanization process, massive riparian buffers are developed to satisfy the increasing demands for flood protection and economic growth. Such changes of land use types and landscape patterns pose a significant challenge to the protection of the eco-system of urban rivers. This research concentrates on revealing the potential relation between the water quality of the urban river and land characteristics including land use types and landscape patterns of the riparian area and discusses if the relationship varies with spatial scales. The study area of this research are the 800 m riparian buffer of the six river water quality monitoring sections along Huangpu River. Based on the long-term monthly collection data of six monitoring points in Huangpu River, Shanghai, China, and the land use data of 100 m downstream of 1 km upstream of the monitoring point. Using landscape indicators, GIS spatial analysis, and statistical methods, the responses of land use and landscape patterns to water quality in different scales are obtained. Results show that: (1) Urban Land (UL) and Agricultural Land (AL) have an enormous negative contribution to each buffer, which is the primary non-point source pollution and influencing factor. (2) The active contribution of Wetland (WL) and Forestry Land (FL) is the most significant in the small range buffer of 0–200 m. (3) The negative effect of Industrial Land (IL) on water quality is only significant in the small buffer. (4) The effect of landscape pattern on water quality is more significant on the large spatial scale than the small scale. At the same time, this paper extends the conclusion to discuss the land use of the 800 m buffer zone of Huang River by using point to the area, proving that the research result is helpful for the political decision of urban management and provides suggestions for the land optimization of riparian buffers.
利用基于集合预报的相关方法对2009年7月23日发生在北京及周边地区的暴雨过程的观测敏感区进行了分析。通过WRF(Weather Research Forecast)三维变分方法对初始场进行随机扰动,形成30个初始集合样本,做了预报时效为12 h的集合预报。利用该方法分析检验区(北京及周边地区)累积降水[14:00(北京时间,下同)至20:00]相对于初始时刻(08:00)各基本要素的敏感性,确定感性要素及其对应的区域。研究发现初步确定的敏感性要素为水汽和温度,对应的敏感区分别位于北京的西南侧和北京的东北侧,且通过实况分析可知初步确定的敏感性要素和对应的敏感区具有明确的物理意义。还进一步通过观测系统模拟试验(OSSE)的资料同化验证所确定的敏感区,结果表明在水汽对应的敏感区内同化水汽对降水的预报结果有明显的改进;在温度对应的敏感区内同化温度,降水的预报准确率有了明显的提高,说明了初步确定的敏感性要素和敏感区的正确性。在水汽对应的敏感区内同化水汽的同时在温度对应的敏感区内同化温度,使降水预报的技巧有大幅度的提高,说明了温度和水汽的共同作用对提高降水预报准确率贡献最大。因此,通过基于集合预报的相关方法能够快速的确定敏感区。研究结果将为确定北京暴雨的观测敏感区提供参考。 相似文献
With a rapid development of road systems and an associated drastic increase in number of automobiles, the traffic has induced more and more obvious environmental pollution such as noise, dust, emission and heavy metal contamination. Lead, as one of the most harmful heavy metal contaminants, can execute a significant impact on soil quality and plant growth, depending on its form, as well as its transport and accumulation in soil. This paper describes the source and characteristics of Pb contaminant in soil along a road, and reviews the results of research on remediation of Pb-contaminated soils, aiming at identifying promising approaches to soil remediation along roads. 相似文献