AR模型在土壤水分动态模拟中的应用

土壤水分运动是一个复杂的时间序列系统,其变化与区域气候条件和生态环境密切相关,具有明显的随机性波动。建立土壤水分动态变化模型可以使田间土壤水分的适时适量调节方便可行,对于农田水利工程的规划和管理也有利。利用时间序列分析方法进行丘陵地区紫色土土壤水分含量变化的预测建模研究,应用AR时间序列模型进行土壤水分含量的预测,结果表明AR模型能够较好地拟和及预测土壤水分时间序列。     

Impact of land cover types on the soil characteristics in karst area of Chongqing

The 26 plots including natural forestland, secondary forestland, shrub-grassland, sloping cropland, artificial forest and abandoned field, were selected to discuss the impact of land cover on the soil characteristics in the three karst districts of Chongqing. The results showed that: (1) After the vegetation turned into secondary vegetation or artificial vegetation, or reclamation, soil physical properties would be degraded. In the surface-layer soil of sloping cropland, the contents of > 2 mm water-stable aggregates decreased obviously with apparent sandification. (2) The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen are controlled completely by vegetation type and land use intensity. The increasing trend is rather slow in the early days when over-reclamation is stopped and the land is converted to forest and pasture. (3) Herbaceous species increase and woody plants species decrease with the increase of land use intensity, therefore, the soil seed banks degrade more seriously. (4) The soil degradation index has been set up to describe the relative soil degradation degree under the conditions of different vegetation types. (5) Land cover has a significant effect on karst soil characteristics, land degradation in the karst ecosystem is essentially characterized by the different degradation of soil functions that serve as water banks, nutrient banks and soil seed banks.     

山谷风转换期的漫烟扩散模式

根据渡口市空气污染监测资料首次鉴别出一种特殊形式的空气污染过程——山谷风转换期的漫烟过程。这种类型的空气污染在春、秋、冬季都经常发生,尤以冬季较严重。为此,发展了山谷风转换期的漫烟扩散模式,可以满意地解释上述观测事实。分析表明,模式不但能对高地面污染浓度的大小、而且能对其发生的时间和地点给出较准确的推断。 在上述情况下,SO_2地面浓度比该地区日平均浓度大几倍至一个数量级以上,是影响渡口市的主要空气污染过程之一。模式的分析为进一步开展空气质量预测及控制污染的对策研究提供了基础。