Analysis of raft foundation design based on considering influence of superstructure stiffness

The finite element method was used for analysis of raft foundation design in high-rise building. Compared with other conventional methods, this method is more adapted to the practical condition since both superstructure stiffness and soil conditions were considered in calculation. The calculation results by example show that the base reaction is more uniform and the maximum reaction decreases obviously. Accordingly, the raft foundation design is more economic without any loss of security for high-rise building.     

极化干涉SAR反演植被垂直结构剖面研究

植被的高度和垂直结构剖面都是森林生物量和森林碳循环模型中的关键输入参数,极化干涉SAR的出现使定量获取植被结构参数成为可能。首先,将改进的两次拟合法估计的植被高度作为进一步反演植被垂直结构剖面的先验知识;然后,通过勒让德多项式展开以及双基线极化干涉数据提取植被的垂直结构剖面;最后,利用仿真以及真实极化干涉SAR数据进行方法验证和结果定性分析。研究表明,利用不同极化状态下的干涉相干性变化提取植被结构参数是可行且有效的。     

复杂群岛海域海浪数值模拟方法及试验

在复杂群岛海域海浪模拟中,发展一种综合利用水深数据和高分辨率海岸线数据优化计算网格和在海浪数值计算中引入次网格地形效应的方法,充分描述多岛屿复杂地形分布对海浪模拟的影响.通过理想试验和实际应用表明:采用该方法后.在计算网格分辨率水平上,充分考虑了海岸和多岛屿地形对海浪传播的作用和多岛屿的次网格效应.数值计算结果有明显改善.     

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近60年来白洋淀流域河川径流演变及湿地生态响应

白洋淀是雄安新区的核心生态功能区,近几十年来面临水源不足、湿地萎缩等生态环境问题.选取白洋淀流域上游王快、西大洋及拒马河3个子流域开展河川径流演变研究,结合1969年以来18期白洋淀湿地遥感影像,揭示白洋淀流域河川径流驱动湿地演变的过程机制.结果表明：近60年来白洋淀流域山区径流量呈持续衰减趋势,从P1阶段(1961—1979年)至P3阶段(1997—2019年),典型子流域年径流系数均值由0.29降至0.12,山区年径流总量由30.84×10⁸m³/a降至11.37×10⁸m³/a,降幅达63.1%,梯田修建、地下水开采等人类活动是导致径流衰减的主要原因;不同子流域产流和基流减少对径流衰减的贡献率存在差异,以变质岩为主的王快子流域径流衰减的主要原因是地表产流减少,碳酸盐岩分布较广的拒马河子流域径流衰减的主要原因是基流减少;白洋淀湿地面积变化受控于地表水位波动,近60年来白洋淀湿地退化的直接原因是入淀流量减少,根本原因是人类活动影响导致的山区径流衰减.     

A comparative experimental study on the blast-resistant performances of single and multi-layered thin plates under close-range airblast loading

The performance of multilayered thin steel plates subjected to close-range air blasts has been experimentally studied and compared with that of monolithic plates made of the same material and having equal mass. In present experiments, multilayered plates are in-contact four-layered thin steel plates and two types of deformation/failure modes were observed for them. Comparisons concerning deformation/failure modes, strain distributions and energy absorptions between the multilayered plate and its monolithic counterpart were conducted. It is found that the multilayered plate is much superior to its monolithic counterpart in the ability to deform against blast loading. Furthermore, under intense airblast loading, the multilayered plate can not only absorb much more energy but also effectively reduce the secondary destruction ability of structural fragments in comparison with its monolithic counterpart.     

氨基多糖多孔微球载体制备及其脲酶固定化特性

以脱乙酰度为 95 % ,分子量分别为 98KDa和 1 1 30 KDa的氨基多糖为载体材料 ,采用三聚磷酸钠固定的方法制成氨基多糖微球 ,并以此氨基多糖微球为载体用戊二醛交联法进行脲酶固定化研究。结果表明 :在 3%复合氨基多糖溶液中大、小分子量氨基多糖质量比为 1∶ 5时微球载体机械强度较好 ,表面光滑。用 Ca CO3 (w/w=1 /1 )处理则可得到表面具有蜂窝状结构的多孔微球载体 ;光滑表面微球载体与多孔微球载体对脲酶的固定化效率分别是 5 1 .5 %和 6 8% ;用 1 .5 cm× 1 5 cm柱进行尿素转化时间 1 2 min,光滑表面微球载体固定化脲酶和多孔微球载体固定化脲酶对尿素溶液(30 0 mg/L)转化率分别为 91 .8%和 99.99%。这一结果说明 ,利用多孔微球载体可有效地提高载体对脲酶的固定化效率 ,并且能彻底的分解尿素 ,提高尿素转化率     

海洋天然气水合物勘探地震处理的最小平方反滤波设计及其应用

地震勘探的BSR识别技术是发现海洋天然气水合物的最经济、快捷、方便、有效的方法.在地震处理识别上,对子波的精确处理是水合物地震资料处理中最关键的一个环节,采用最小平方误差准则,即利用实际输出与期望输出的误差平方和为最小的条件,来确定反滤波因子,因此又称为最小平方子波整形.在地震处理程序中引入三种期望输出,即俞氏子波、雷克子波、Buttworth子波,对子波零相位化有较好的效果.根据上面的原理,我们开发了一套最小平方反滤波地震处理软件,对天然气水合物地震勘探资料进行试处理的结果表明,该软件在提高分辨率的同时保持了较高的信噪比.     

西北太平洋多源微波辐射计海表温度数据交叉比对分析

海表温度产品是研究全球海洋大气系统的重要数据源,在海洋相关领域的研究和应用方面具有重要价值。以西北太平洋海域为研究区域,本文对2013年和2014年3个微波辐射计海表温度产品(AMSR-2,TMI和WindSat)的产品特性和Argo浮标进行了真实性检验,并对3个传感器数据进行了交叉比对分析,具体涉及海表温度分布、温度梯度分布、观测点分布、匹配点分布、平均偏差分布、均方根误差分布、统计分析结果的逐月演变和海表温度误差棒分析。结果表明,3个微波辐射计在空间尺度上都能比较一致地反映西北太平洋海域的海表温度变化趋势。但遥感数据与浮标数据却存在季节性变化和昼夜差异,其中冬季微波数据与浮标数据的平均偏差和均方根误差较小,降轨数据与浮标数据的结果更接近。AMSR-2的海表温度数据质量比TMI和WindSat的海表温度数据更接近Argo数据。相比于WindSat和TMI,AMSR-2和TMI的海表温度数据质量更为接近,但是由于受到近岸陆地信号干扰,AMSR-2和TMI离岸100 km以内海域的数据应当慎用。     

Distribution,trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau

Against the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first-order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi-year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m⁻² mm⁻¹, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high-altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.