Reversed impacts of the Arctic oscillation on the precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas in October and November

Climate Dynamics - The reversed impacts of the Arctic oscillation (AO) on precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas (SCSA) in October and November during 1979–2014 are...     

相关法雷达反演风场在台风监测和分析中的应用

随着我国沿海雷达网的建设,雷达资料正逐步成为沿海气象台站台风临近登陆时的一个重要监测手段。利用相关法雷达风场反演对2001年登陆台风“百合”和“飞燕”作了环流和强度估测分析。结果表明,通过适当的质量控制,该方法可以有效地反演得到台风强风分布特征,分析精度与业务中常用的卫星估测方法相当。     

陕蒙交界地区碎屑岩风化成因浅析

陕蒙交界地区基岩均具强风化,由此造成当地环境恶化、下游地区生态破坏和灾害积累。其形成机理应与岩石本身的物质组成、自然地理环境、地质构造状况、水文地质条件及其物理化学条件有关。而南部地区,由于上述诸因素的差别,基岩风化微弱。     

Characteristics of the two active stages of lightning activity in two hailstorms

Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin, respectively, are investigated, based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d’Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique (SAFIR3000), the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data of a CG lightning location system, and the echo data of a Doppler radar. Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks: the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall, with the second peak greater than the first. The dominant polarity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak, but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak. The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored, revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak. However, whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection, with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak, the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid–lower levels. Through evaluation of the radar parameters, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge. Furthermore, the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall. Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the ?15°C level, which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning.     

文蛤亮氨酸氨肽酶LAP3的基因克隆及其在幼体不同发育时期、成体不同组织的表达分析

为探索贝类LAP3基因的结构和功能特征以及在生长发育过程中的作用,利用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）法获得文蛤LAP3（Mm-LAP3）基因的cDNA全长序列,并对其生物信息学、组织及发育时期表达特征进行了分析。结果显示,Mm-LAP3基因cDNA全长2 037 bp,ORF区1 254 bp,编码417个氨基酸;Mm-LAP3蛋白由Peptidase_M17超家族序列的N-端结构域和Peptidase_M17催化结构域组成。荧光实时定量PCR结果表明,Mm-LAP3基因在文蛤成体6个组织和幼体10个发育时期中均有表达,其中在斧足中的表达量显著高于其他组织（P<0.05）,这与斧足蛋白含量丰富、代谢旺盛相关;在幼体10个发育时期中的表达量呈现逐渐升高的趋势,在D形幼虫时期达到最高,随后又有所降低,推测Mm-LAP3基因在早期发育时期参与了某些组织器官的形成。     

Landslide monitoring in southwestern China via time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography

The dynamic monitoring of landslides in engineering geology has focused on the correlation among landslide stability, rainwater infiltration, and subsurface hydrogeology. However, the understanding of this complicated correlation is still poor and inadequate. Thus, in this study, we investigated a typical landslide in southwestern China via time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (TLERT) in November 2013 and August 2014. We studied landslide mechanisms based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface water infiltration and flow within the landslide body. Combined with borehole data, inverted resistivity models accurately defined the interface between Quaternary sediments and bedrock. Preferential flow pathways attributed to fracture zones and fissures were also delineated. In addition, we found that surface water permeates through these pathways into the slipping mass and drains away as fissure water in the fractured bedrock, probably causing the weakly weathered layer to gradually soften and erode, eventually leading to a landslide. Clearly, TLERT dynamic monitoring can provide precursory information of critical sliding and can be used in landslide stability analysis and prediction.     

秦岭造山带基本组成与结构及其构造演化

秦岭造山带主要由三大套构造岩石地层单元组成，经历了三个主要演化阶段：1．前寒武纪古老基底形成演化阶段，2．主造山期（Pt3—T2）板块构造演化阶段，3．中新生代陆内构造演化阶段。在早中元古代以扩张构造体制占主导，形成裂谷与小洋盆兼杂并存的基本构造格局，经10—8亿年晋宁期从扩张垂向加积增生构造体制为主向以侧向增生为主的板块构造体制的过渡，于晚元古代中晚期开始进入板块构造演化阶段。在晚古生代早期由于东古特提斯洋的形成，扬子板块北缘沿秦岭南部扩张打开，形成华北板块、扬子板块及其间的秦岭微板块，沿商丹和勉略二缝合带自南向北俯冲消减碰撞，于中三叠世最后全面陆陆碰撞造山，而后又发生了强烈陆内造山作用，终成今日之秦岭山脉面貌。现今的秦岭造山带岩石圈结构是一正在调整演化中的具流变学分层的“立交桥式”三维结构，上部地壳呈多层逆冲推覆迭置的不对称扇形几何学模式，岩石圈中部则是成水平状流变层，而深部地幔则是最新调整的近南北向的地球物理异常状态与结构，形成从下到上构造方向近乎正交的圈层非耦合关系。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北部泛滥平原全新世沉积相矿物成份分布与环境意义

通过对塔里木河中游冲积平原典型剖面矿物成份分析，说明本区域重矿物含量较大，平均为（４．０６％），全新世剖面不同时代矿物含量变化相似。整个剖面地层中不稳定矿物含量较高；长石含量地很高，证实了塔干北部气候的干燥性。本区域主要矿物为角闪石、云母、辉石类、绿帘石类，并列出本地的标型矿物，分层矿物、局地矿物类。沙丘沙来源于就地冲积层，冲积层物质来源于河流周期性洪水。并分析了全新世地层中矿物成份所反映的干旱气     

NOAA RFE 2.0在西藏高原的验证

随着卫星探测技术的不断提高和资料处理方法的不断改进,出现了许多卫星遥感降水估算产品。每种产品都有优点及不足,且卫星间接式降水估算方法的精度也有限,但对地形复杂常规气象站台站稀少且分布极不均匀的大面积地区如西藏高原来说,卫星遥感不失为估算区域降水的有效方法之一。鉴于卫星遥感降水估算精度的局限性,每种产品需要利用地面观测数据来定量化降水估算误差,分析和评价这些资料的可用性。利用NOAA气候预测中心(CPC)研发的RFE 2.0降水估算产品,从西藏高原东南部到西北部不同气候区选取11个典型气象站2005—2006年6—9月的日降水量观测资料,验证了RFE 2.0降水估算产品在西藏高原的应用效果。结果表明,西藏高原的主要气候区RFE 2.0估算值与地面观测值之间的相关系数在0.45～0.86,平均为0.74;RFE 2.0估算的正确率POD (Probability Of Detection)一般大于73%,而空报率FAR(False Alarm Rate)为2%～12%;仅在喜马拉雅南麓地区估算精度相对较差。