用射线法計算弹性球面波在自由水平介面上反射波强度的零級和一級近似

一、引言近来,在地震勘探中应用弹性波动力学特点的可能性愈来愈明显了。所謂动力学特点主要是指波的相位和振幅而言,正問題的解决归結为解决弹性波动力学問題。这方面在过去几年来已經得到了很大的发展,例如苏联学者Γ.И.彼德拉欣及其領导的小組的.     

Mapping multiple tree species classes using a hierarchical procedure with optimized node variables and thresholds based on high spatial resolution satellite data

ABSTRACT

Tree species distribution mapping using remotely sensed data has long been an important research area. However, previous studies have rarely established a comprehensive and efficient classification procedure to obtain an accurate result. This study proposes a hierarchical classification procedure with optimized node variables and thresholds to classify tree species based on high spatial resolution satellite imagery. A classification tree structure consisting of parent and leaf nodes was designed based on user experience and visual interpretation. Spectral, textural, and topographic variables were extracted based on pre-segmented images. The random forest algorithm was used to select variables by ranking the impact of all variables. An iterating approach was used to optimize variables and thresholds in each loop by comprehensively considering the test accuracy and selected variables. The threshold range for each selected variable was determined by a statistical method considering the mean and standard deviation for two subnode types at each parent node. Classification of tree species was implemented using the optimized variables and thresholds. The results show that (1) the proposed procedure can accurately map the tree species distribution, with an overall accuracy of over 86% for both training and test stages; (2) critical variables for each class can be identified using this proposed procedure, and optimal variables of most tree plantation nodes are spectra related; (3) the overall forest classification accuracy using the proposed method is more accurate than that using the random forest (RF) and classification and regression tree (CART). The proposed approach provides results with 3.21% and 7.56% higher overall land cover classification accuracy and 4.68% and 10.28% higher overall forest classification accuracy than RF and CART, respectively.     

A New Temperature Channel Selection Method Based on Singular Spectrum Analysis for Retrieving Atmospheric Temperature Profiles from FY-4A/GIIRS

Hyperspectral data have important research and application value in the fields of meteorology and remote sensing.With the goal of improving retrievals of atmospheric temperature profiles, this paper outlines a novel temperature channel selection method based on singular spectrum analysis(SSA) for the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS), which is the first infrared sounder operating in geostationary orbit. The method possesses not only the simplicity and rapidity of the principal component analysis method, but also the interpretability of the conventional channel selection method. The novel SSA method is used to decompose the GIIRS observed infrared brightness temperature spectrum(700-1130 cm~(-1)), and the reconstructed grouped components can be obtained to reflect the energy variations in the temperature-sensitive waveband of the respective sequence. At 700-780 cm~(-1), the channels selected using our method perform better than IASI(Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and Cr IS(Cross-track Infrared Sounder)temperature channels when used as inputs to the neural network retrieval model.     

非均匀等离子体中波传播耦合方程

我们从麦克斯韦方程和线性化矩方程出发,获得了具有电子密度梯度的弱非均匀可压缩等离子体在外场作用下的电磁波和电声波激发的耦合方程,并求得了微扰解。最后讨论了非均匀可压缩等离子体中电磁波和电声波耦合激发机制,指出不同模间耦合是产生不同模间相互转换的原因,而Cohen等人的均匀可压缩等离子体中电磁波和电声波激发过程均可视为本文的特殊情况。     

河北省沙城地倾斜潮汐波的调和分析

用别尔采夫方法对河北省沙城1972年3月份的地倾斜观测资资进行了调和分析,得出了三个主要半日波M₂、S₂、N₂和两个主要日波K₁、O₁的弹性系数γ和位相差△δ。其中半日波M₂、S₂的结果比较好。M₂、S₂波的弹性系数γ分别为:南北向0.84、0.86;东西向0.81、0.77。即东西向的弹性系数略小于南北向的弹性系数。     

准地转两层模式天气数值预报方法的试验

作者用准地转两层模式以图解方法试作了24小时及48小时亚洲部分的500毫巴高度预报。从所作的几个例子来看,有的预报结果较好,但像阻塞高压的一个例子中高压位置南边的负变高没有预报出来,因此预报图上没有阻塞高压的形成。原因主要是在准地转两层模式没有恰切地考虑到500毫巴的辐散场。作者指出500毫巴上天气系统有猛烈发展时500毫巴上的辐散场是比较大的,要考虑到后者的作用就必须应用三层模式或不用准地转假定。作者并指出了 Fj(?)rtoft 的图解方法也有不小的误差。     

郯庐断裂带起源与大陆斜向汇聚

郯庐断裂带起源于华北克拉通与扬子板块的汇聚过程中已被多数学者所认同。该断裂带的起源机制，涉及到这两个大陆板块的汇聚方式。可是，对于这一重要问题却长期存在着不同的认识。本文依据郯庐断裂带内部及其两侧前陆上构造与年代学研究成果，综合分析该断裂带的起源机制。郯庐断裂带内部残留的起源期构造为左行走滑韧性剪切带，所获得的白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄为239~217 Ma。华北克拉通边缘的徐淮弧形逆冲-推覆构造，及九江地区扬子板块上的弧形褶皱带，分别为苏鲁造山带、大别造山带点碰撞的产物。郯庐断裂带西侧的华北克拉通边缘，在汇聚过程中呈现为刚性陆块的特征，没有出现大规模的牵引弯曲现象。而东侧的扬子板块前陆构造，在汇聚过程中却明显出现了大规模的牵引弯曲现象。断裂带东侧的张八岭隆起北段，出露了扬子板块上中地壳韧性拆离带，其中所获得的白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄为245~218 Ma，其滑动方向受控于郯庐断裂带起源期的左行走滑运动。这一系列构造与年代学信息，表明郯庐断裂带起源于华北克拉通与扬子板块的汇聚过程中，代表了这两个大陆的斜向汇聚边界。该断裂带起源期的活动时限，与大别、苏鲁造山带内大陆深俯冲时间相吻合。在大别造山带北部的华北克拉通，原始应存在着向南的突出体(嵌入体)，从而导致嵌入式碰撞与嵌入体边界的大陆斜向汇聚(起源期郯庐断裂带)，符合嵌入式碰撞导致板片撕裂模式。     

兰州形变台水管倾斜仪映震能力的分析研究

以兰州形变台FSQ水管倾斜仪1987年以来的观测资料为研究对象,从非潮汐和潮汐两个方面,利用形态分析法、曲线拟合、残差分析、潮汐因子动态分析、半日波大潮椭圆以及潮汐偏角分析等方法对数据进行了系统分析,研究了观测异常与地震的关系。结果表明该台的水管倾斜仪对邻区的中强地震有很好的中、短期响应。     

两系杂交稻制种生产的气候生态诊断技术

两系杂交稻制种生产对气候生态条件有严格要求,确定制种生产基地时应当先对当地的气候生态适宜性进行科学地诊断与评估。该文系统地分析了气候生态条件对两系杂交稻制种生产的特定影响,提出了制种生产上应注重的两段气候生态安全期概念,研究了两段安全期的诊断评估方法,研制出了两系杂交稻种子生产时空择优气候服务系统,并据此确定了湖南全省两系杂交稻种子生产的适宜区域与时段。2000年初,湖南省有关部门采纳了此项建议,进一步规范了全省的两系制种生产管理。     

气象信息网络管理和维护

介绍了在气象信息网络管理、网络安全和网络维护等方面积累的一些经验、方法和技巧。