大气沙尘的测定和分析研究

谈起"沙尘(暴)",住在我国北方干旱地区的人是比较熟悉的。大风卷起了地面的尘土沙粒,飞扬到天空,有时甚至遮蔽阳光,造成景色暗淡,浮尘满天,犹如蒙蒙细雨,随风降落,持续时间达1-2天,也有长达3-5天者,我国史书上称这种降尘现象为"雨土"。(一)大气沙尘指空气中夹带大量被风从地面卷起的沙粒和尘土,能在一定时间内悬浮于空气中的一种天气现象。它是一种分散体系,介质为空气,分散相是浮游于空气中的固体微粒,其粒度成分,据北京大兴县的测定表明,粒径0.01-0.005毫米颗粒占总量的56-71%,小于0.01毫米者占17-39%,大于0.05毫米者占14%。大气沙尘的高程分布,一般在离地表2米以上,其上限可达数十米或更高。     

松嫩平原湿地植被对生境干-湿交替的响应

扎龙湿地和向海湿地水分布存在不均一性，生境中有“干-湿”交替过程。选取“干-湿”界面上沼泽植被与草甸植被共存的群落片断分别设置15个固定样方，生长季内4个月观测结果表明：扎龙湿地和向海湿地生境旱生化时羊草为优势种群，湿生化时芦苇为优势种群，芦苇沼泽群落和羊草草甸群落随生境“干-湿”交替过程相互演替，演替过程既受生境水分波动的影响，又由优势种群内在生物学特性决定。     

A Case Study on the Rapid Rain-to-Snow Transition in Late Spring 2018 over Northern China: Effects of Return Flows and Topography

Phase changes in the precipitation processes of early winter and late spring in midlatitude regions represent chal- lenges when forecasting the timing and magni...     

Research on performances of back-illuminated scientific CMOS for astronomical observations

To evaluate performances of a back-illuminated scientific CMOS(sCMOS)camera for astronomical observations,comparison tests between Andor Marana sCMOS and Andor ...     

LAMOST Time-Domain survey:first results of four K2 plates

From Oct.2019 to Apr.2020,LAMOST performed a time-domain(TD)spectroscopic survey of four K2 plates with both low-and medium-resolution observations.The low-reso...     

利用嫦娥一号IIM 模拟数据提取月表矿物端元的的精度分析

干涉型成像光谱仪(IIM) 作为中国首颗探月卫星嫦娥一号上的重要载荷之一,已经获取了大量的月球高光谱数据.然而由于IIM 数据的光谱范围被限定在480—960 nm 波谱范围内,很少覆盖月表矿物的波谱吸收特征,利用IIM 数据反演月表矿物信息面临巨大挑战.当前月表地面调查数据或精细矿物分布制图还很缺乏,难以对反演或提取结果进行有效验证.本文利用月表4种主要矿物(斜长石、单斜辉石、橄榄石和钛铁矿)进行线性混合构建IIM 模拟数据,分析月表矿物端元提取的精度,并对真实IIM 数据进行了初步应用.根据斜长石和钛铁矿的不同组合比例分别模拟了月表的月海和高地,模拟数据还加入了与IIM 真实数据分布趋势一致的随机噪声.基于4种端元提取算法(VCA 、ICA 、MVSA 、SISAL) 对模拟数据进行端元提取,并以光谱角距离(SAD) 作为端元提取的精度评价准则.结果显示,MVSA 和SISAL 算法提取的所有矿物端元的光谱角距离都小于0.1 ,一般意味着矿物提取精度可以被接受.斜长石在各种算法下提取端元的光谱角距离都小于0.015 ;单斜辉石和钛铁矿提取端元的光谱角距离都小于0.1 ;橄榄石提取精度最差,在ICA 算法下其光谱角距离高达0.34 .     

基于广义模型约束的时间域航空电磁反演研究

由于航空电磁具有海量数据,因此快速有效的成像和反演手段至关重要.本文针对层状介质模型推导与实现了广义模型约束条件下时间域航空电磁一维反演.从正则化反演的目标函数出发,通过改变模型约束项构造Lp范数反演和聚焦反演,进而通过改变模型求解域构造出基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演.针对不同反演方法目标函数的构建方式,本文进一步从数学原理上分析不同反演方法的预期效果,并通过理论模型和实测数据进行验证.结果表明L0.8范数反演、聚焦反演和基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演可以得到更符合地下层状介质陡变界面的反演结果.

     

水分和氮肥对冬小麦产量的影响及其调控技术

通过对冬小麦进行不同水分等级和不同施氮量的控制试验,利用数理统计和数学分析方法,从水分利用效率和经济效益角度,分析了水分和氮素对冬小麦产量的影响及其相互作用的关系,提出了河南省冬小麦砂壤土的水肥配置模式,经生产检验,这种模式是可行的。     

Determination of the thicknesses of oil films in micro- and nano-pores in tight oil sands: an example from the southern Songliao Basin,NE China

An experimental method of field-emission environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) coupled with the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) to determine the thickness of oil films in the micro- and nano-pores of tight oil sands was proposed to overcome the limitations of current methods. First, we got the data of the detection range volumes, elemental mass percentages, and elemental atomic percentages using the EDS, and then calculated the volumes of oil films in the detection range according to the elemental mass percentages and the elemental atomic percentages of carbon. After that, we calculated the surface areas of oil films using the pore size data (lengths, widths, and depths) detected by ESEM. The thicknesses of oil films in the pores equaled the volumes divided by the surface areas. An analysis of tight oil samples from the Quan 4 Segment of in the southern Songliao Basin, NE China confirmed that the oil in the micro- and nano-pores had two main forms: oil films and oil droplets. The thicknesses of the oil films ranged from about 400 nm to 2 μm, while the thicknesses of the oil droplets ranged from about 200 to 700 nm.