Climate and extrema of ocean waves in the East China Sea

Wave climate plays an important role in the air-sea interaction over marginal seas. Extreme wave height provides fundamental information for various ocean engineering practices, such as hazard mitigation, coastal structure design, and risk assessment. In this paper, we implement a third generation wave model and conduct a high-resolution wave hindcast over the East China Sea to reconstruct a 15-year wave field from 1988 to 2002 for derivation of monthly mean wave parameters and analysis of extreme wave conditions. The numerical results of the wave field are validated through comparison with satellite altimetry measurements, low-resolution reanalysis, and the ocean wave buoy record. The monthly averaged wave height and wave period show seasonal variation and refined spatial patterns of surface waves in the East China Sea. The climatological significant wave height and mean wave period decrease from the open ocean in the southeast toward the continental area in the northwest, with the pattern generally following the bathymetry. Extreme analysis on the significant wave height at the buoy station indicates the hindcast data underestimate the extreme values relative to the observations. The spatial pattern of extreme wave height shows single peak emerges at the southwest of Ryukyu Island although a wind forcing with multi-core structure at the extreme is applied.     

上海及其邻区的楔形断裂系统

本文综合卫片解析成果、重磁异常、地貌形态、新生代沉积作用、新构造运动特征、古海岸线轮廓与变迁、历史地震震中分布以及断裂构造现象等多方面实际资料,初步确定了上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的存在。文中指出:楔形断裂系统导源于先存的北东与北西向两组断裂系,它的存在构成了研究地区新生代期间主要地质事件发生的构造背景。     

Desertification and Re-Afforestation of the Coastal Land in Changjiang County,Hainan Island

Changjiang County is located to the northwest of the tailing range of the Wuzhi Mountains on Hainan Island,facing the sea and being against he Mountains.From southeast to northwest,it gradually descends in relief from mountain,hill,tableland,terrace to coastal plain.Its sandy coastal line is measued at 44.85km in length and its rocky coastal line at 7.15km along the county.The desertified coastal land covers and area of about 61.15km^2,extending from hundreds of meters to 3 km in width,of which the active sand land accounts for 5.333km^2 and the semi-active sand land,7.333km^2.The dunes are developed at the rate of 10-30m per year from the seashore toward the hinterland. The Forest Departments of Hainan Province and Changjiang County done a series of sand-control experiments.The chief technological measures are as follows:(1)to stabilize the drift sand first to create an adequate condition for afforestation;(2)to plant the big and strong saplings of Casuarin equisetifolia with nutrient bags in deep pits;and(3) to apply new techniques in “dry-season planting”to guarantee the quality of afforestation.The above experiments were successful.However,there still exist some problems such as quite seriously wilting shoot,lower survival rate of Pandanus tectorius in the vertical lines to the usual wind direction,monotonous the species in afforestation and subsequent poor management.Thus some suggestions are offered in this paper for future extension;(1)to apply REE fertilizers in the process of afforestation to increase the resistance of the plants;(2)to increase the vertical lines of Pandanus tectorius to the usual wind direcion to raise their survival rate in the network of sand stabilization;(3)to enlarge he area of liana planting to enhance the stability of sand;(4) to try to introduce new tree species from oter regions,which are of good performance in sand stabilization;(5) to interplant th adaptable economic crops;and (6)to make more investments and better management and conduct more extensive environmental education o ensure the early accomplishment of the protection forest belt around the island.     

东海盆地演化的一种新模式──“持续拉张－脉动挤压”

随着地质、地球物理等资料的大量获得,＂弧后盆地扩张＂模式和＂地体拼贴＂模式也不能合理地解释东海盆地的演化,本文提出了东海盆地演化的一种新模式──＂持续拉张－脉动挤压＂模式,并探讨了该模式的力源机制,认为东海盆地演化的拉张力源是中国东部地幔软流圈自西向东（或东南）的蠕动流、岩石圈本身的陆壳（厚）到洋壳（薄）的扩张力、岩石圈的局部对流引起的侧向扩张及对岩石圈底部的热侵蚀;挤压力源则是菲律宾海大洋岩石田向西北运动的作用力。     

皖西白大山群的发现及其地质意义

皖、豫交界的白大山－茶庵一带，出露一套碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩地层，以往被置于青白口系八公山群。近期笔者等赴该地再次进行了调查和研究，结果发现该群地层组合内含有大量球藻类和植物碎片化石，这些微古植物分子在国内外多见于下古生代。并从岩石组合特征对比分析，认为该套地层属志留－泥盆系的可能性最大。对这套地层及微古植物的发现，具有两方面重要的地质意义：１．过去对华北地台南缘从未见有这个时代地层的报导，这就为该区地层填补了一个空白；２．从已采获的微古植物组合及岩性组合特征等分析，这有可能对华北地台南缘的岩相古地理图及地史发展等问题，进行一些必要的改写与补充。     

基于70 m3膨胀云室的暖云滴谱试验研究

为开展云降水微物理过程机理和机制室内试验研究,设计建造北京气溶胶与云相互作用云室（Beijing aerosol and cloud interaction chamber,BACIC）,搭建完整的气溶胶、云滴谱及常规气象要素测量系统,并于2019—2021年开展暖云试验。结果表明：BACIC能够模拟大气绝热膨胀成云过程,结果符合云微物理基本原理,云雾环境维持时间为5~10 min,达到开展相关科学问题研究的基本要求。利用环境气溶胶开展膨胀试验,测量显示气溶胶数浓度为10000 cm-3和2500 cm-3环境下,成云云滴数浓度分别为2500 cm-3和200~400 cm-3,云滴平均直径分别为8 μm和15~25 μm;上升速度为14.3 m·s-1和2.09 m·s-1时,气溶胶成云活化率分别为42%和17%;气溶胶成云活化率的敏感区域位于气溶胶数浓度小于5000 cm-3的区域;可定量化分析上升速度、气溶胶数浓度与云滴谱特征的相关关系。不同吸湿特性材料的暖云膨胀试验显示：污染背景下开展亚微米级别吸湿性催化剂播撒会导致云滴谱变窄,表明人工消减暖云或雾应采用大粒径催化剂。     

干旱胁迫对夏玉米叶片光合及叶绿素荧光的影响

根据冬小麦干旱风险评估最新研究成果,对其中的风险评估、灾损评估等模型进行集成,开发了河南省冬小麦干旱评估业务服务系统.该系统主要由基本参数、数据导入、风险分析、动态评估、后期评估和作图等部分组成,能够提供河南全省的冬小麦干旱评估结果,为农业生产提供决策依据.     

基于自动气象站和风廓线雷达资料的大理机场风切变分析与应用

根据2016—2017年大理机场航空器报告的风切变事件,利用同时段的自动气象观测资料、风廓线雷达资料对大理机场风切变进行了统计和分析。结果表明:①风切变均发生在每年的11月至次年4月,1月、2月最多;主要发生于07:00—13:00,一半出现在晴天;发生在350m以下占83%。②100m以下的风切变,地面均有阵性风,最大最小风速差6m/s;发生在15～91m的6次风切变,5次报告风切变的一端风向变化超过180°,南北两端地面风出现对头风,风速差异明显。AWOS(Automated Weather Observation System)捕捉到风向风速的明显变化可为近地层风切变预警提供参考。③发生在高度较高的风切变,雷达资料在遭遇风切变高度的上下层存在≥8m/s风速差,能确定上下层风不连续的准确高度、开始时间和结束时间。④机场区域常出现地面风速大而上空风速小或地面风速小而上空风速大的情况,结合地面风和风廓线雷达资料可为今后低高度风切变的初步预警提供参考。     

Ti鱼可溶性蛋白质及鱼油的开发

对采用多种生物酶复合水解的方法开发鱼可溶性蛋白质及鱼油进行了综述,展示了鱼开发和利用的广阔前景。     

断层圈闭形成机制及时空配置有效性评价——以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡为例

断层的分段生长和连接控制着断层圈闭的形成,为了研究断层形成过程对圈闭形成的控制作用,应用位移/离距法和位移梯度比法判别断层相互作用阶段,落实断层圈闭的空间匹配有效性。针对空间匹配的断层圈闭,应用最大断距相减法开展断层圈闭形成时期的研究,在成藏关键时期前形成的断层圈闭是油气有利聚集的部位。本文以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡的南大港同向断层与扣村反向断层为例,开展断层圈闭时空配置有效性评价,研究结果表明油气多分布在同时具备空间和时间匹配有效的断层圈闭内,仅具备空间或时间匹配有效性的断层圈闭中未见油气聚集。因此,通过对未钻探断层圈闭开展时空匹配有效性评价,能够有效地降低勘探开发的风险。