Characteristics of convection and overshooting in RGB and AGB stars

Based on the turbulent convection model (TCM) of Li & Yang, we have studied the characteristics of turbulent convection in the envelopes of 2 and 5M⊙ stars at the red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch phases. The TCM has been successfully applied over the entire convective envelopes, including the convective unstable zone and the overshooting regions. We find that the convective motions become progressively stronger when the stellar models are located farther up along the Hayashi line. In the convect...     

中国东部上地幔岩石相转变及其意义

中国东部新生代玄武岩和大别-苏鲁超高压变质带中的含石榴石相橄榄岩, 带来了发生在上地幔的尖晶石→石榴石相转变和铝辉石→贫铝辉石+石榴石的重要信息, 为中国东部上地幔岩石结构分层奠定了重要基础.通过岩石学与实验岩石学的研究, 推导出发生相转变的P-T条件, 为建立中国东部大陆上地幔岩石分层结构提供了重要约束.尖晶石二辉橄榄岩向石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变发生在55~70km, 随着深度增加, 石榴石二辉橄榄岩从富铝石榴石二辉橄榄岩(70~120km) 转变为贫铝石榴石二辉橄榄岩(> 120~150km).      

论兰坪金顶超大型铅锌矿容矿角砾岩的成因

兰坪金顶超大型铅锌矿容矿角砾岩分为两类：一是构造-膏溶角砾岩,不含矿,胶结物孢粉组合显示晚三叠世特征;二是底辟-侵位角砾岩,含铅锌、黄铁矿、天青石和硬石膏矿化,是重要的矿石类型之一,呈脉状产出,系构造-膏溶角砾岩底辟-侵位的产物。它们并非是古新世滑塌堆积成因的角砾岩,不应划归于老第三系云龙组。流行的金顶超大型铅锌矿成矿模式需要重新审定。     

山区遥感图像自动分类研究——以西南地区为例(英文)

In mountainous areas, it is the undulant terrain, various types of geomorphic and land use that make the remote sensing images great metamorphism. Moreover, due to the elevation, there are many areas covered with shadow, clouds and snow that make the images more inaccurate. As a result, it would be very difficult to carry out auto-classification of RS images in these areas. The study took Southwest China as the case study area and the TM images, SPOT images as the basic information sources assisted by the a...     

基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急无线通信系统探索

基于OFDM核心技术的WiMAX(全球微波接入互操作性)具有4G技术的特点。与3G和WiFi无线通讯技术相比具有明显的高速率、大容量数据传输优势。本文就基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急通讯系统的几种技术方案加以详细论述,说明WiMAX在地质灾害应急指挥中具有广阔前景。     

精密单点定位用户自主式完备性监测算法

精密单点定位PPP是当前GNSS高精度定位中的关键技术之一,使用的PPP采用扩展卡尔曼滤波估计,未知参数包括站点坐标,接收机钟差,对流层延迟以及虚拟未知数。在QR奇偶检校法的基础上,重点考察设计矩阵向量间的相关距离,将其作为粗差探测和识别的研究对象。通过向量相关距离时间序列,可以区分单个粗差和多个粗差的粗差集。提出精密单点定位的RAIM算法,解决了精密单点定位中的质量控制问题,使得多个粗差的识别更加清晰和快捷。     

淄博煤矿矿坑排水的水化学特征及其形成机理的初步研究

本文讨论了淄博煤矿矿坑排水的水化学特征,指出了淄博南部和北部煤矿水化学成分的差异。通过矿坑水形成３个反应过程中水化学成分的计算,初步分析了矿坑水形成的机理：产酸作用与中和作用强度的不同是造成南、北煤矿水化学成分差别的主控机理,产酸作用的差异与煤层含硫量的高低密切相关;北部煤矿第二阶段的反应－铁氧化沉成矿 淀已进行完全或接近完全,而南部煤矿矿坑水仍富铁;参与中和作用的矿物有方解石、白云石及高岭石、绿     

缅甸硬玉岩区的硬玉化绿辉石岩

绿辉石岩是缅甸硬玉岩区一种新的岩石类型,普遍遭受多期次硬玉化.未发生硬玉化的绿辉石含较高TFeO和CaO,但较低的MgO,按化学成分分类部分已属霓石-普通辉石系列的中间相.这种绿辉石很可能是硬玉质的流体/熔体交代地幔辉石岩类的产物,与主期大规模硬玉岩的结晶、钠质-钠钙质角闪石边和钠铬辉石的形成同期或稍后,是该区第Ⅰ期的硬玉化.沿绿辉石的解理或裂隙交代并伴有充填的硬玉是在相对拉张的构造背景下形成的,是该区第Ⅱ期的硬玉化.切割早期绿辉石和硬玉的充填硬玉细脉可能是最晚一期的硬玉化.硬玉化绿辉石岩的结构与显微构造特征指示了在缅甸硬玉岩区,至少存在不少于3期的硬玉化的交代充填作用.文中讨论了硬玉化物质的可能来源,认为其可能与俯冲板片上的沉积物有密切关系.     

Diagenesis and Restructuring Mechanism of Oil and Gas Reservoir in the Marine Carbonate Formation,Northeastern Sichuan:A Case Study of the Puguang Gas Reservoir

Abstract: Based on the technology of balanced cross-section and physical simulation experiments associated with natural gas geochemical characteristic analyses, core and thin section observations, it has been proven that the Puguang gas reservoir has experienced two periods of diagenesis and restructuring since the Late Indo-Chinese epoch. One is the fluid transfer controlled by the tectonic movement and the other is geochemical reconstruction controlled by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The middle Yanshan epoch was the main period that the Puguang gas reservoir experienced the geochemical reaction of TSR. TSR can recreate the fluid in the gas reservoir, which makes the gas drying index higher and carbon isotope heavier because C2+ (ethane and heavy hydrocarbon) and 12C (carbon 12 isotope) is first consumed relative to CH4 and 13C? (carbon 13 isotope). However, the reciprocity between fluid regarding TSR (hydrocarbon, sulfureted hydrogen (H2S)?, and water) and reservoir rock results in reservoir rock erosion and anhydrite alteration, which increases porosity in reservoir, thereby improving the petrophysical properties. Superimposed by later tectonic movement, the fluid in Puguang reservoir has twice experienced adjustment, one in the late Yanshan epoch to the early Himalayan epoch and the other time in late Himalayan epoch, after which Puguang gas reservoir is finally developed.     

CMF模式的排他性依据和造山型银矿实例：东秦岭铁炉坪银矿同位素地球化学

河南熊耳山区的铁炉坪银矿定位于高级变质基底中的NE向断裂带中,是熊耳山脉状造山型金、银、铅锌矿床的重要组成部分。成矿作用包括了早、中、晚3个阶段,分别形成石英-黄铁矿,多金属硫化物和碳酸盐脉3类矿物组合。早阶段成 矿温度大约为373℃左右,成矿流体δD=-90‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)=2.0‰,δ~(18)O=9‰,来源较深;晚阶段流体温度<203℃,δD=70‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)=-1.3‰,δ~(18)O=-2‰,属于浅源大气降水热液;中阶段流体均一温度210～249℃,δD=-109‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)=0.1‰,δ~(18)O=2‰,是深源与浅源流体的混合。对比讨论表明,熊耳山区的早前寒武纪变质基底、熊耳群火山岩和燕山期花岗岩类的三者之一或它们的混合物,均无法提供具有早阶段流体D-O-c同位素组成(高δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C,低δD)的成矿流体,表明早阶段流体来自栾川群和管道口群的碳酸盐-页岩-硅质岩建造的变质脱水作用。矿石硫同位素组成较低,铅同位素比值较高,同样不可能来自熊耳山的主要地质体,更不可能来自其下伏的地幔和下地壳,指示成矿物质和流体应主要来自栾川群和管道口群。尽管栾川群和管道口群地层的同位素地球化学研究尚待补充,铁炉坪银矿的同位素地球化学特征似乎只能借助碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式才能合理解释。即华南与华