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Overall-effective Measures for Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Coastal Areas of Shandong Province, China ——Case Study： the Huangshuihe River Catchment of Longkou City

In the coastal catchments of Shandong Province the water scarcity is aggravated due to saltwater intrusion, reducing the usability of water resources available. Such a situation calls for sustainable integrated water resources management （IWRM）. The idea for the objectives and implementation of the IWRM are explained in this paper. The general objective of the planned project disscussed in the present study is to bring together German traditional expertise in water resources management and newer developments in the context of the European Water Framework Directive; the research efforts aim to relieve the desperate water scarcity situation in the costal area of Shandong Province.     

Comparisons of Growth and Survival Performance Among Selected Families and Wild Populations of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

In this study,families of selected population for growth(SP_BWT),selected population for white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)resistance(SP_RW),Bohai wild population(WP_BH)and Huanghai wild population(WP_HH)of F.chinensis were constructed through artificial insemination and with the standardized procedure of larvae rearing.Growth and survival performance were studied among four populations after a 70 days common test.The results showed that the maximum least square mean of body weight was 17.50 g in SP_BWT while the minimum was 13.03 g in WP_HH.Compared with WP_BH,body weight of SP_BWT increased by 23.41%(P0.01)and that of SP_RW by 12.20%(P0.05).Body weights of SP_BWT and SP_RW were significantly higher than that of WP_HH,which increased by 34.31%(P0.01)and 22.10%(P0.05),respectively.The mean AGR of four populations was 0.19,0.18,0.17 and 0.16 g d~(-1),respectively.Coefficient of variation of body weight among four populations was high,which ranged from 32.67% to 35.25%.Such a range showed that there was the potentiality for further improvement in selected populations.Coefficient of variation of survival rate among four populations was low,varying between 3.20% and 5.90%.The difference of survival was highly significant(P0.01)between SP_BWT and WP_BH,and significant(P0.05)between SP_RW and WP_BH.However,no significant difference among other populations(P0.05)was observed.Different growth performances were also observed among different families in each population.The body weight of 798F family was the highest.The absolute growth rate(AGR)was 0.25 g d~(-1),150%higher than that of the lowest one,0.1 g d~(-1) in 807F family.Survival rate of families among four populations was different.The highest was 94.74%,and the lowest was 71.88%.     

四川省华蓥市赵子秀山变形体稳定性评价及整治措施建议

在详细调查华蓥市赵子秀山变形体的结构及变形破裂特征基础上,分析了变形体的成因机制并对其稳定性作了评价。分析表明,变形体主要是在斜坡地貌演化过程中下部含煤层的反向层状结构斜坡向临空面发生倾倒-弯曲拉裂变形而成,采煤对斜坡近期变形的加剧起重要的控制作用。传递系数法滑动稳定分析及Goodman-Bray法倾倒稳定分析表明,变形体在暴雨和地震等不利工况下有失稳的较大可能,根据变形体结构特征、成因、稳定状况及失稳方式,提出了整体采取锚索加固、排水及煤洞采空区支撑等措施,局部危岩体采取清除或SNS主动防护网等综合整治措施建议。     

海入水侵的动态监测指标研究

本文经多次试验，在大量实测数据基础上，首次提出监测海水入侵发展的两项明确指标，即以特征离子比值为主体的水化学监测指标和电阻率，充电率为主体的物探监测指标，同时，对指标间的相互对应关系及应用事项进行了具体阐述。     

大东港海湾的输沙量计算和自然寿命预测

大东港位于辽宁省丹东市东南４０公里处,是我国沿海最北端的一个海港,１９８２年以来观测积累了大量的水文泥沙资料,以往的水文测验和计算颇为繁杂。本文通过分析对比提出以潮位升降变率为动力参数计算断面输沙强度的计算公式,以净输沙强度推算海湾冲淤状况,简化了原体观测和计算的工作量,并通过淤积速率较好的预测海湾的自然寿命。     

双基地多普勒天气雷达探测能力分析

双基地多普勒天气雷达系统是由一个常规多普勒天气雷达和一个或多个远程被动低增益接收机共同组成,是大气风场探测领域的新技术之一。文中首先在瑞利散射假设的前提下,考虑了雷达波的偏振方向、散射体的空间位置等条件,推导了小球形粒子散射函数在双基地雷达系统中的表达形式,建立了双基地雷达气象方程,并将该方程应用于双基地雷达的探测能力、有效探测范围等方面分析,模拟计算了侧向散射能力和被动雷达回波功率在空间的分布变化,为探讨去除旁瓣影响提供了依据。通过分析证明了双基地雷达系统工作状态垂直偏振优于水平偏振的结论。在入射波为水平偏振情况下,高空探测好于低空,而垂直偏振情况则是低空的散射能力强。如果采用双线偏振发射体制,根据需要采用不同的偏振波组合,能够有效扩大双基地探测的范围和信息量。在水平偏振情况下较强回波区域在基线附近和被动雷达一侧的基线延长线周围。由于侧向散射强度低于后向散射强度,双基地雷达对于弱天气回波不太敏感,它的探测范围小于单基地雷达的探测范围。在双基地雷达探测中旁瓣污染是一个不容忽视的问题。文中对双基地雷达参数进行了模拟回波强度计算,并与实测回波资料进行了比较,两者较一致,存在差别的重要原因可能是被动接收天线的垂直变化影响。     

不同pH环境下黏土类岩崩解过程分形演化规律

红砂岩广泛分布于我国南方地区,因强度低、胶结程度差,且含有一定的膨胀性黏土矿物,此类岩石受水影响易发生崩解,从而易诱发多种地质灾害。选取湖南株洲地区的微膨胀红砂岩进行静态与扰动崩解试验,采用耐崩解性指数、标准基础熵、崩解比和分形维数等作为评价红砂岩崩解特性指标,探讨了烘干温度、试块质量、外界扰动和干湿循环作用等因素对红砂岩崩解特性的影响。研究结果表明,静态崩解方式下,相比于105 ℃和30 ℃,60 ℃的烘干温度更利于岩样崩解。而扰动崩解下,烘干温度对红砂岩崩解的影响几乎可以忽略不计。在烘干温度、试块质量等因素不变的情况下,外界扰动对红砂岩崩解特性存在显著影响。试块质量对红砂岩崩解特性存在一定的影响,试块质量越大,红砂岩崩解速率越快。干湿循环作用对红砂岩崩解的影响十分显著,随着循环次数增加,红砂岩的崩解破碎程度逐渐加大。     

基于结构方程模型的三峡库区汉丰湖叶绿素a与其关键影响因子关系识别

为明确三峡水库汉丰湖叶绿素a(Chl.a)的主要影响因素,分析了汉丰湖2018—2021年的Chl.a、pH、水温、透明度以及氮、磷营养盐等水质指标的变化情况,探讨了Chl.a与其余水质指标的相关性,并应用结构方程模型解析了Chl.a的关键影响因素。结果表明,汉丰湖水体Chl.a浓度在0.04~68.58 μg/L之间变化,水温在9.62~32.10℃之间,pH在6.75~9.81之间,总氮、溶解性氮、总磷、溶解性磷的变化范围分别为0.58~4.68、0.25~3.99、0.02~0.76、0.01~0.44 mg/L。Chl.a浓度与水温、pH、总磷和总固体悬浮物呈显著正相关,与透明度、溶解性氮、碱度、亚硝态氮、硝态氮呈极显著负相关。结构方程模型结果显示,影响Chl.a浓度的因子中理化因子的路径系数为0.68,营养物质的路径系数为0.16,这表明影响Chl.a浓度的因子以理化因子为主,营养物质的作用相对较小。同时,理化因子通过营养盐间接影响Chl.a浓度(路径系数为-0.04)。各理化因子中,水温和pH的路径系数分别为0.51和0.41,水温是理化因子的主要表征指标;在营养盐指标中,总磷和溶解性磷的路径系数分别为0.82和0.71,而总氮的路径系数为0.36,说明磷是汉丰湖的限制性营养元素。     

用小波分析方法检验强震“前驱波”

1974年,金森博雄(Kanamori)首先在距震中近万千米的美国加州帕萨迪纳(Pasadena)地震台长周期地震仪记录中发现,1960年5月22日智利8.3级大地震前15分钟有振荡周期为300～600s的长周期波,称为"前驱波".此后,一些地震工作者对"前驱波"展开了研究与讨论.各种讨论"前驱波"的文献给出了震前多种观测仪器记录的"前驱波"图像.