2009年春季辽东湾浮游植物群落

分析了2009年春季(5月)渤海辽东湾水样的浮游植物物种组成,群落结构及其与环境因子的相关性.春季共鉴定出浮游植物4门43属83种,且多为广温性近岸种或温带沿岸种.硅藻在种类和数量上占绝对优势.优势种有旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)、诺氏海链藻(T...     

海浪和潮汐风暴潮耦合过程的数值研究

海浪和风暴潮是重要的海洋灾害。对它们的精确预测和预报对沿岸海洋灾害的风险评估及海洋工程的设计具有极其重要的社会和经济价值。过去人们本多对波浪和风暴潮单独进行预报。实际上，风既产生浪又产生风暴潮，因此它们的产生必然存在相互作用。本研究的目的就是要建立一个渤海高分辨率的双向耦合的海浪和潮汐风暴潮数值模式，研究各耦合机制的影响，以期为黄河三角洲沿岸风暴潮海浪漫堤、漫滩风险评估提供更为准确的海浪风暴潮预测预报结果。 作者在研究中基于国际上先进的第三代海浪数值模式和潮汐风暴潮模式，建立了渤海2''×2''的海浪和潮汐风暴潮耦合数值模式。耦合模式充分考虑了三个主要耦合物理机制：依赖海浪状态的表面风应力，波-流相互作用底应力和辐射应力。波浪模式主要基于国际上第三代WAM模式，并对其进行了浅水效应的改进，以包括浅水深度破碎引起的能量耗散；潮汐风暴潮模式计算中开边界考虑了10个主要分潮K1，O1，P1，Q1，M2，S2，N2，K2，Sa，Ssa。依赖海浪状态的表面风应力取自Donelan等(1993)的结果,波-流相互作用底应力取自Signell等(1990)对 Grant and Madsen(1979)简化的结果，辐射应力以海浪谱表示。耦合计算中，两个模式通过三个耦合机制双向传递所需参量。 运用胜利油田中心一号观测的2个同步浪、潮、流资料对所建的耦合模式进行了检验，并通过耦合和非耦合模式结果的对比对各耦合机制的影响效应进行分析研究。研究结果表明，不同物理机制对波高的影响主要由能量方程中以辐射应力表示的波流相互作用所决定；在波-潮耦合作用中，依赖波令的表面风应力和辐射应力对水位是正效应，而波流相互作用底应力对水位是负效应。三个物理机制的综合净效应是正，可增加水位达25cm。比较显示，耦合模式的结果无论对波高还是水位都比非耦合模式的结果好，特别在峰值处。 本研究显示耦合模式的结果将改进海浪和风暴潮的模拟精度。所建立的耦合模式将对渤海海浪和风暴潮预报精度的提高，以及为黄河三角洲近岸海浪和风暴潮灾害的风险评估，提供更可靠的参数，具有重要的价值。     

Adsorption of Ammonium and Heavy Metal Ions on Industrial Vermiculite from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang, China

The present work discusses the mineralogy, saturated adsorption of ammonium and adsorption of heavy metal ions （Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋） on industrial vermiculite samples from the Yuli Mine in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The saturated adsorption capacity of ammonium and the affection factors of adsorption of Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋ and Zn^2＋ are discussed on the basis of the mineralogical characteristics of the industrial vermiculite samples. The saturated adsorption capacities of ammonium are between 56.02 and 98.42 mmol/100g. The time of adsorption equilibrium is about 30-60 min, and the pH values and concentration of the ion solution significantly affect the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal ions. The adsorption capabilities of the heavy metal ions on industrial vermiculite are almost the same in the low ion concentration solutions, characterized by a sequence of Zn^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋ for adsorption capacity in solutions with relatively high ion concentration. The results have practical significance for the application of the industrial vermiculite to treating wastewater containing ammonium or heavy metal ions.     

辽东湾氮、磷和COD环境容量的数值计算

一个原始方程海洋环流模式(POM)被用来模拟辽东湾环境动力场,同时用有限容积方法对描述氮、磷、COD等污染物输运过程的对流扩散方程进行离散,提高了计算精度和效率。通过对仙人岛海域四个采样点的实测浓度和相应点上的计算浓度的比较分析,并结合试验数据确立了适合辽东湾污染物浓度研究的降解系数;在此基础上进一步对各种污染物进行为期一年投放的数值实验,初步估算了各种污染物在辽东湾的保有容量、经过开边界的交换率以及非保守过程(磷、COD)的削减率。     

Comparison of nonlinear and linear PCA on surface wind, surface height, and SST in the South China Sea

We compared nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) with linear principal component analysis (LPCA) with the data of sea surface wind anomalies (SWA), surface height anomalies (SSHA), and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), taken in the South China Sea (SCS) between 1993 and 2003. The SCS monthly data for SWA, SSHA and SSTA (i.e., the anomalies with climatological seasonal cycle removed) were pre-filtered by LPCA, with only three leading modes retained. The first three modes of SWA, SSHA, and SSTA of LPCA explained 86%, 71%, and 94% of the total variance in the original data, respectively. Thus, the three associated time coefficient functions (TCFs) were used as the input data for NLPCA network. The NLPCA was made based on feed-forward neural network models. Compared with classical linear PCA, the first NLPCA mode could explain more variance than linear PCA for the above data. The nonlinearity of SWA and SSHA were stronger in most areas of the SCS. The first mode of the NLPCA on the SWA and SSHA accounted for 67.26% of the variance versus 54.7%, and 60.24% versus 50.43%, respectively for the first LPCA mode. Conversely, the nonlinear SSTA, localized in the northern SCS and southern continental shelf region, resulted in little improvement in the explanation of the variance for the first NLPCA.     

海南东方近岸海域海浪观测特征研究

利用海南东方近岸海域2014年至2015年间一整年的海浪观测资料, 分析了海浪的时间变化特征。观测时间段内, 有效波高最大值为4.03m, 平均值0.79m; 平均周期最大值为6.32s, 平均值为3.58s。该海域冬季波高较大, 秋季最小, 常浪向为SSW方向, 强浪向为WSW向。基于该长期观测数据, 文章亦研究了平均周期、有效波高之间的关系, 同时还确立了该海域波高与平均持续时间之间的关系。最后讨论了观测时间段内波浪能流密度的变化特征, 发现一年中能流密度大于2kW·m^-1的频率为26%, 且从全年的计算结果来看, 观测位置处12月的波浪能较适宜开发, 但总体波浪能资源不够丰富。文章对于认识海南东方近岸海域波浪特征以及工程设计都具有重要的意义。     

内孤立波与海脊相互作用的模拟研究

A nonhydrostatic numerical model was developed and numerical experiments performed on the interaction of an internal solitary wave(ISW) with a sill, for a two-layer fluid with a diffusive interface. Based on the blocking parameter(Br), the flow was classified into three cases:(1) when bottom topography has little influence on the propagation and spatial structure of the ISW(Br0.5),(2) where the ISW is distorted significantly by the blocking effect of the topography(though no wave breaking occurs,(0.5Br0.7), and(3) where the ISW is broken as it encounters and passes over the bottom topography(0.7Br). The numerical results obtained here are consistent with those obtained in laboratory experiments. The breaking process of the incident ISW when Br≈0.7 was completely reproduced. Dissipation rate was linearly related to the blocking parameter when Br0.7, and the maximum dissipation rate could reach about 34% as Br raised to about 1.0. After that, instead of breaking, more reflection happened. Similarly, breaking induced mixing was also most effective during Br around 1.0, and can be up to 0.16.     

The characteristics of spontaneous near-inertial wave generation from an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy

The generation and propagation characteristics of near-inertial waves(NIWs)generated spontaneously from a quasi-geostrophic anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in a rot...     

YW-SWP海浪数值预报模式及其应用

ＹＷ－ＳＷＰ海浪数值预报模式考虑了地形引起的折射效应和波波间非线性能量转移，采用了新的风输入源函数和文氏理论风浪谱，使模式不仅适合深浅水，且有更适合我国海区的特色；另外，计算中对风场采取了一种加权平均的处理技术。应用于渤海个例检验及对温索子站的后报结果表明，本模式有相当好的可靠和准确性，折射效应在２０ｍ以上水深影响不明显，但在大约１０ｍ水深的浅水区影响达３０ｃｍ。