Generation and evolution of internal solitary waves in the southern Taiwan Strait

ABSTRACT

The generation processes and potential energy sources of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the southern Taiwan Strait are investigated by driving a high resolution non-hydrostatic numerical model with realistic background conditions. Two main types of ISWs are clarified according to their different energy sources. One is generated by the nonlinear disintegration of remote internal tides emanating from Luzon Strait, and the other type is generated by local tide-topography interaction at the continental slope. The basic properties and evolution processes differ between these two kinds of ISWs. The waves originated from the remote internal tides at Luzon Strait have amplitudes comparable to previous field observations. In contrast, the ISWs generated locally are much weaker than observed waves, even in the presence of a steady offshore background current, which intensifies the generation of onshore ISWs. The ISWs induced by remotely generated M₂ internal tides are stronger than those induced by K₁ internal tides, and the fraction of internal wave energy transmitted onto the shelf is not significantly influenced by the intensity of remotely generated internal tides.     

南极绕极流的经向输运

南极绕极流(ACC)是南大洋中最显著的流动，流量超过130×106m3/s (Nowlin et al.，1986)。传统认为，由于以东向运动为主的ACC的存在极大地阻碍了南大洋中上层的南北向物质和能量的交换，绕极流区的经向输运是非常小的。但是近些年的研究发现，穿过ACC的通量并不是可以忽略不计的，它对维持南极和亚南极区的动力和热力平衡起着重要作用，在全球气候系统中也有着深刻的影响(Doos et al.，1994)。     

GIANTS微机数字图象分析系统及其在地学中的应用

ＧＩＡＮＴＳ１．０是一套友好的、操作简便的数字图象分析系统。它包括文件管理、图象显示、空间滤波、快速傅氏变换、亮度变换、图象统计、图象分类、几何校正以及多元信息复合技术与线性体分析几大部分。图象显示采用ＳｕｐｅｒＶＧＡ显示卡，分辨率可达１０２４×７６８×２５６。在铀矿勘探中，应用多元信息复合技术结合其它功能对物化探数据处理和常规遥感资料复合，效果显著。     

Decadal sea surface height modes in the low-latitude northwestern Pacific and their contribution to the North Equatorial Current transport variation

Journal of Oceanography - Three decadal sea surface height (SSH) modes in the low-latitude northwestern Pacific over 1958???2018 were revealed by empirical orthogonal function...     

The characteristics of spontaneous near-inertial wave generation from an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The generation and propagation characteristics of near-inertial waves (NIWs) generated spontaneously from a quasi-geostrophic anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in a...     

Surface circulation derived from drifting buoys in mid- and low-latitude Pacific

1 INTRODUCTION Measuring the velocity of ocean currents is one of the most important tasks in physical oceanography research. Many centuries ago, mariners had begun to obtain the sea surface cur- rents from vessel drift records. As early as in 1870s instr…     

Forecasts of South China Sea surface temperature anomalies using the Nio indices and dipole mode index as predictors

Based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the monthly NCEP Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) data in the South China Sea (SCS) after removing the climatological mean and trends of SST,over the period of January 1982 to October 2003,the corresponding TCF correlates best with the Dipole Mode Index (DMI),Nio1+2,Nio3.4,Nio3,and Nio4 indices with time lags of 10,3,6,5,and 6 months,respectively.Thus,a statistical hindcasts in the prediction model are based on a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) model using the above indices as predictors spanning from 1993/1994 to 2003/2004 with a 1-12 month lead time after the canonical variants are calculated,using data from the training periods from January 1982 to December1992.The forecast model is successful and steady when the lead times are 1-12 months.The SCS warm event in 1998 was successfully predicted with lead times from 1-12 months irrespective of the strength or time extent.The prediction ability for SSTA is lower during weak ENSO years,in which other local factors should be also considered as local effects play a relatively important role in these years.We designed the two forecast models:one using both DMI and Nio indices and the other using only Nio indices without DMI,and compared the forecast accuracies of the two cases.The spatial distributions of forecast accuracies show different confidence areas.By turning off the DMI,the forecast accuracy is lower in the coastal areas off the Philippines in the SCS,suggesting some teleconnection may occur with the Indian Ocean in this area.The highest forecast accuracies occur when the forecast interval is five months long without using the DMI,while using both of Nio indices and DMI,the highest accuracies occur when the forecast interval time is eight months,suggesting that the Nio indices dominate the interannual variability of SST anomalies in the SCS.Meanwhile the forecast accuracy is evaluated over an independent test period of more than 11 years (1993/94 to October 2004) by comparing the model performance with a simple prediction strategy involving the persistence of sea surface temperature anomalies over a 1-12 month lead time (the persisted prediction).Predictions based on the CCA model show a significant improvement over the persisted prediction,especially with an increased lead time (longer than 3 months).The forecast model performs steadily and the forecast accuracy,i.e.,the correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted SSTA in the SCS are about 0.5 in most middle and southern SCS areas,when the thresholds are greater than the 95% confidence level.For all 1 to 12 month lead time forecasts,the root mean square errors have a standard deviation of about 0.2.The seasonal differences in the prediction performance for the 1-12 month lead time are also examined.     

东北平原腹地城市化与城市热岛的可能驱动因子

用近50年逐日气象观测记录和城市发展统计资料分析了东北平原腹地3个不同规模城市,即大城市长春,中等城市延吉和山区小城镇临江的年和季节平均气温、最高最低气温等,发现其差别很大,其排序不一定同城市化速率(人口和国内生产总值GDP)、土地利用或能见度趋势对应。但气温日较差趋势均与城市化速率成比例。3个城市气温趋势均表现为变暖,且最低气温趋势大于最高气温趋势;冬季变暖强于夏季。这说明影响夜间或冬季气温的才是城市热岛的主要驱动因子。冬、夏最高气温趋势排序一致,除临江外,最低气温趋势排序与最高气温相反。临江冬季最低气温趋势最强,可能与其特殊地理环境造成的弱风气候有关。最低气温趋势排序与城市化速率排序大致相同,最高气温趋势排序相反。综合对比分析表明,这3个城市气候变暖差异的主要因子不可能是土地利用,而是城市人为热释放和空气污染,后者主要影响夜间的射出长波辐射。二者的影响范围趋势应该同城市化速率成比例,对气温趋势有明显影响。其次,不能忽略地理环境因子对气温趋势及其排序的影响。不过,气温日较差在一定程度上可以削弱城市地理因素等的影响,其趋势是一个反映城市化对气候影响的的合适指标。研究还表明,需要重视空气污染对长波辐射的影响并应该在数值模式辐射参数化中加以考虑。     

矿物粉尘对人体血清物质的吸附行为研究

通过测定吸附后人体血清的成分,并利用红外光谱研究了几种矿物粉尘对血清中物质的吸附作用,结果表明,矿物粉尘对血清中物质的吸附具有选择性,主要是吸附了血清中的蛋白质和脂类等生物大分子。不同矿物吸附生物大分子的选择性不同,这主要与矿物的结构和表面海性等因素有关。红外光谱研究表明,吸附机理主要是物理吸附,可能也存在化学吸附。另一方面,矿物粉尘在血清中发生了一定程度的阳离子交换和溶解作用。     

Nutrient-controlled growth of Skeletonema costatum: an applied model

To model Skeletonema costatum blooms and their relationship with environmental parameters in situ, a S. costatum-specifi c zero-dimensional box model based on the mechanistic model Eco3M was established using physiological features. The parameters were calibrated using experimental counterparts, and simulations were compared with published laboratory fi ndings. The resulting normalized objective function(NOF) values are less than 1.0(and in most cases less than 0.58) and the values for the slope γ(between 0.656 7–1.127 4) and R 2(between 0.806 8–0.971) are close to 1.0 for most of the sub-fi gures. This indicates good agreement between simulated and measured data and suggests that the model reproduces the general characteristics of S. costatum growth and use of nutrients under different N- or P-limiting conditions. The model is appropriate for further applications and can be used to test more scenarios using other nutrients.