Hydrological character and sea-current structure in the front of Amery Ice Shelf

Hydrological character and Sea-current profiles structure are studied andanalyzed in sea-area of the front of Amery Ice Shelf,Prydz Bay with LADCP,CTDdata.These LADCP,CTD data were acquired during the 19th Chinese Antarctic Sci-entific Expedition.Results of this study agree with that,there exist four differentkinds of water masses in the area of the front of Amery Ice Shelf in the summer of Ant-arctica.Current distribution presents a semi-circumfluence which flows in at the eastand flows out in the west.Moreover,clockwise and anti-clockwise vortices werefound in upper layer and mid-layer in the Prydz Bay.Western areas of these anti-clockwise vortices are positions of inflows from Prydz Bay to Amery Ice Shelf.Thesource of these inflows is the coastal westward current originated in the east of PrydzBay.All these characteristics come down to the pattern of circumfluence,ice meltrate under Ice Shelf,scale of Ice Shelf water production and form of water exchangesbetween area of Ice Shelf and area of Prydz Bay.     

Origin of sulphate in the unsaturated zone and groundwater of a loess aquifer

The use of the sulphate mass balance (SMB) between precipitation and soil water as a supplementary method to estimate the diffuse recharge rate assumes that the sulphate in soil water originated entirely from atmospheric deposition; however, the origin of sulphate in soil and groundwater is often unclear, especially in loess aquifers. This study analysed the sulphur (δ³⁴S-SO₄) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O-SO₄) isotopes of sulphate in precipitation, water-extractable soil water, and shallow groundwater samples and used these data along with hydrochemical data to determine the sources of sulphate in the thick unsaturated zone and groundwater of a loess aquifer. The results suggest that sulphate in groundwater mainly originated from old precipitation. When precipitation percolates through the unsaturated zone to recharge groundwater, sulphates were rarely dissolved due to the formation of CaCO₃ film on the surface of sulphate minerals. The water-extractable sulphate in the deep unsaturated zone (>10 m) was mainly derived from the dissolution of evaporite minerals and there was no oxidation of sulphide minerals during the extraction of soil water by elutriating soil samples with deionized water. The water-extractable concentration of SO₄ was not representative of the actual SO₄ concentration in mobile soil water. Therefore, the recharge rate cannot be estimated by the SMB method using the water-extractable concentration of SO₄ in the loess areas. This study is important for identifying sulphate sources and clarifying the proper method for estimating the recharge rate in loess aquifers.     

降尺度方法在东亚气候预测中的应用

东亚气候变异十分复杂,全球动力预测系统对该地气候异常的预测能力偏低,如何进一步提高东亚地区气候异常的预测水平是一个非常重要的科学和现实需求问题。为此,近些年一系列的动力和统计降尺度方法得以发展。本文主要回顾了这些降尺度方法在东亚气候预测研究和实时预测中的应用。首先,文中简要介绍了我国目前应用于实时预测的全球动力预测系统及其性能,这是开展降尺度的科学和技术基础;在此基础上,从区域模式物理过程参数化方案的评估与遴选、区域模式在东亚气候预测中的应用两个方面,对于动力降尺度方法的发展和应用做了回顾;在统计降尺度的综述中,本文主要关注了东亚夏季汛期和冬季气候异常的预测,特别是针对东亚冬季气候异常,本文中提出了新的高效的统计与动力相结合的预测方法。最后,展望了短期气候预测需要进一步深入研究的科学和技术问题。     

GNSS支持下的配电电缆移动GIS系统构建与应用

为满足配电电缆信息化和智能化管理需求,本文基于卫星导航定位、移动互联网、地理信息系统等技术,设计研发了配电电缆移动GIS管理系统,解决了电缆通道要素碎片化、电缆井剖面数据和空间数据一体化存储、移动终端高精度定位等技术难题,实现了配电电缆数据资源的统一管理和线路路径的快速精准定位。通过实际应用发现,本文开发的移动GIS管理系统为配电网的规划设计、线路查找等提供了技术支撑,提高了配电网抢修的工作效率,推进了配电网规划设计、运维管理的信息化和科学化进程。     

精细古地貌恢复在海上油田中-深层储层预测中的应用——以渤海X油田沙二段为例

近年来渤海X油田生产与资源的矛盾日益凸显,且因钻井少、井距大和储层埋藏深,储层认识及"甜点"预测难度很大。文章综合利用钻、测井资料、地震资料等,以高频层序地层格架下地层发育特征为切入点,采用"地震分析定性、层序格架定时、地层厚度定量、三维可视成图"的思路,重点经过去压实恢复、古水深校正,精细恢复沙二段6个沉积时期古地貌。其结果表明,渤海X油田主要发育沟谷、凹陷、斜坡和凸起四种地貌类型。不同沉积期古地貌特征差异明显:沉积早期以隆起为主,沟谷-凹陷组合仅在西南部发育,沉积范围局限;沉积中后期隆起向西北收缩,沟谷-凹陷组合向东北延伸,沉积范围扩大;沉积晚期全区大范围以沟谷-凹陷组合为特征,地形坡度变化小,砂体连片分布。此外,结合生产动态及薄片资料等,从砂岩厚度、水动力条件、单井产能等方面,以E3S2-1—E3S2-2小层古地貌分布图为基础,综合选择砂岩厚度大于15m、古水深小于7m、比采指数大于0.6等参数作为边界约束,预测出有利储层分布区域3个。上述认识对该区后期开发、调整具有重要的参考价值。     

Reduction of the thermocline feedback associated with mean SST bias in ENSO simulation

Associated with the double Inter-tropical convergence zone problem, a dipole SST bias pattern (cold in the equatorial central Pacific and warm in the southeast tropical Pacific) remains a common problem inherent in many contemporary coupled models. Based on a newly-developed coupled model, we performed a control run and two sensitivity runs, one is a coupled run with annual mean SST correction and the other is an ocean forced run. By comparison of these three runs, we demonstrated that a serious consequence of this SST bias is to severely suppress the thermocline feedback in a realistic simulation of the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation. Firstly, the excessive cold tongue extension pushes the anomalous convection far westward from the equatorial central Pacific, prominently diminishing the convection-low level wind feedback and thus the air-sea coupling strength. Secondly, the equatorial surface wind anomaly exhibits a relatively uniform meridional structure with weak gradient, contributing to a weakened wind-thermocline feedback. Thirdly, the equatorial cold SST bias induces a weakened upper-ocean stratification and thus yields the underestimation of the thermocline-subsurface temperature feedback. Finally, the dipole SST bias underestimates the mean upwelling through (a) undermining equatorial mean easterly wind stress, and (b) enhancing convective mixing and thus reducing the upper ocean stratification, which weakens vertical shear of meridional currents and near-surface Ekman-divergence.     

BZ油田沙二段低渗储层定量预测方法

BZ油田沙河街组低渗储层埋藏深、钻井少、地震资料品质差、相带变化快,储层展布特征认识不清,直接制约油田开发调整及滚动挖潜.针对这一难点,在储层特征、地震资料品质分析基础上,结合井震标定、正演模拟分析,探讨了 90°相位转换技术在BZ油田沙二段低渗储层预测中的适用性.结果表明,BZ油田沙二段1-4小层砂层组厚度与地震资料...     

环境示踪剂(3H、Cl)在干旱半干旱区地下水补给研究中的应用

地下水补给资源估算是地下水资源可持续开发利用的重要依据,传统地下水资源评价工作往往是采取水均衡法或达西定律等评价地下水补给资源,很少采用环境示踪剂方法。环境示踪剂在地下水补给研究中具有重要价值,特别是在干旱半干旱地区是一种非常简单可靠的评价方法。本文介绍了两种常见的环境示踪剂（3H、Cl）方法氚峰法和氯质量平衡法的基本原理及其在地下水补给研究中的主要应用,其中氯质量平衡法不仅可以估算地下水的补给量,而且可以研究植被覆盖变化对地下水补给影响和示踪地下水补给历史及气候变化。     

超声测风传感器在回路风洞中的测试

超声测风仪因启动风速小、无转动部件、不破坏风场、测量精度高等特点,适用于多种行业的测风需求。超声波测风的相关检定规程当前在国内尚未正式制定。本文借鉴风杯检定规程所选择的风速测试点,在HDF-720低速回路风洞中,对超声测风仪在不同角度下进行了测试数据统计分析。结果表明:超声测风仪可以安装在工作段面较大的风洞中进行测试,由于超声探头存在阴影效应,对于同一风速,不同角度上的测量结果稍有差异,而且不同风速对应的差异也不同。利用超声测风仪进行风速实时测量时,必须结合上述测试分析,按照超声传感器的安装角度,对测量值进行相应修正。     

新疆乌伦古河地区铀矿化类型及其特征

新疆东北部乌伦古河地区位于天山-兴蒙造山系东-西准噶尔弧盆系,涵盖准噶尔洋内弧（萨吾尔山-加波萨尔岛弧）、科克森他乌-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩混杂岩带、塔尔巴哈台-三塘湖复合岛弧带（卡拉麦里-莫钦乌拉岛弧带）等3个Ⅲ级构造单元（潘桂棠等,2009）,属哈萨克斯坦波谢库尔-成吉斯到我国雪米斯坦-沙尔布提Cu-Au-Be-U成矿带（申萍等,2015）的东延,相邻的雪米斯坦山地区已发现有白杨河铍铀矿床等一系列的铀矿床、矿点和矿化点,乌伦古河地区虽未发现成规模的铀矿床和铀矿点,但已发现大量的铀矿化点和异常点,具有较大的铀成矿潜力。根据其铀矿化赋存主岩、矿化特征及控制因素,乌伦古河地区铀矿化类型主要见碳硅泥岩型、伟晶岩型、花岗岩型和表生富集型,其中以碳硅泥岩型铀矿化为主。