主题模型与SVM组合的小尺度街区用地分类方法

城市用地分类作为城市规划重要的基础和依据,对城市资源配置、建设发展等具有重要意义。现有研究对用地分类都聚焦于“稀路网、大街区”的大尺度区域,随着城市发展,大尺度区域的规划模式造成了城市交通效率低下、土地低效率开发等问题,而小尺度的城市街区建设规划为解决上述问题提供了一种新的思路。为了充分挖掘现有交通大数据的潜在价值,更以高效地服务小尺度街区规划,本文将主题模型与支持向量机（SVM）相组合,提出一种面向小尺度街区的用地分类方法。本文以上海市黄浦区人民广场附近为研究区域,依据精细路网对研究区域划分,通过对一周（7天）出租车GPS数据处理,结合区域兴趣点（POI）数据,基于隐含狄利克雷分布（LDA）模型和SVM模型进行用地分类。在人工解译的分类图的基础上对本文方法进行精度评价,并基于百度地图地理数据进行结果验证。研究表明本文方法基于现有的交通大数据,实现了对小尺度街区用地分类,方法分类精度较高,在一定程度上可以节约人力物力,以便更好地服务于小尺度城市规划。     

一个大型的古河流-三角洲沉积体系——论苏皖中-上三叠统黄马青组沉积环境

通过对苏皖地区黄马青组的学特征及其积学研究,确认其为发育于前陆盆地内的大型海退河流－三角洲沉积体系。根据岩石成因类型划分了８个微相,并对其所反映的沉积环境进行了分析。整个层序自下而上可分为前三角洲,一角洲前缘及三角洲平原３个亚环境,并对亚环境内的微环境进行了讨论。     

紫菜总DNA酶切带型的发现与比较

在条斑紫菜与坛紫菜总ＤＮＡ酶切图谱上有明显的ＤＮＡ型带,且ＨａｅＩＩＩ酶发带型经ＥｃｏｒＩ、ＰｓｔＩ的酶切带型清晰。在ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＰｓｔＩ及ＨａｅＩＩＩ三种酶切图谱上,两种紫菜的ＤＮＡ带型明显不同,且很容易发现条斑紫菜或坛紫菜特有的条带,总ＤＮＡ带型具有种的特异性。结果表明总ＤＮＡ带型是一种容易建立又稳定可靠的紫菜分子分类的新型标记。     

基于PMC方法的上海测震台网地震监测能力评估

采用基于概率的完整性震级（PMC）方法,选取上海测震台网13个地震台站及周边省市地震台2008-2019年记录的171个地震,计算各地震台及上海测震台网地震监测能力,并模拟增加新的地震台站后台网监测能力的变化。结果显示：①地表基岩台的监测能力较深井台强,且受噪声和地铁影响,市区深井台监测能力较低;②整体上,台站密布的松江和青浦地区,地震监测能力较强,最小完整性震级为M_L 0.7。台站稀疏的浦东、奉贤、崇明地区,地震监测能力较弱,最小完整性震级为M_L 1.3;③若在上海南部增设奉贤海湾台,可整体提高上海测震台网的监测能力。     

EFFECT OF TSUNAMIS GENERATED IN THE MANILA TRENCH ON CHINA MAINLAND

Tsunami is one of the most devastating natural coastal disasters. Most of large tsunamis are generated by submarine earthquakes occurring in subduction zones. Tsunamis can also be triggered by volcano eruptions and large landslides. There are many records about "sea-overflow" in Chinese ancient books, which are not proved to be tsunamis. Tectonics and historical records analysis are import to forecast and prevention of tsunami. Consider the tectonic environment of the China sea, the possibility of huge damage caused by the offshore tsunami is very small. And the impact of the ocean tsunami on the Bohai sea, the Yellow sea, and the East China sea is also small. But in the South China Sea, the Manila subduction zone has been identified as a high hazardous tsunamigenic earthquake source region. No earthquake larger than M_W7.6 has been recorded in the past 100a in this region, suggesting a high probability for larger earthquakes in the future. If a tsunamigenic earthquake were to occur in this region in the near future, a tragedy with the magnitude similar to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami could repeat itself. In this paper, based on tectonics and historical records analysis, we have demonstrated that potential for a strong future earthquake along the Manila subduction zone is real. Using a numerical model, we have also shown that most countries in the South China Sea will be affected by the tsunamis generated by the future earthquake. For China, it implies that the maximum wave height over 4.0 meter on China mainland, especially the Pearl River Estuary. But the island, local relief maybe influence the maximum wave. But it takes nearly 3 hours to attack China mainland, if there is the operational tsunami warning system in place in this region, should be greatly reduced losses. And the simulated results are conformable to historical records. It indicates that the tsunami hazards from Manila trench to China mainland worthy of our attention and prevention.     

大亚湾西南海域尖笔帽螺2020年7月暴发期内的分布特征

尖笔帽螺是一种分布广泛的翼足类生物,在食物网与生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。2020年7月,大亚湾出现高密度尖笔帽螺,给当地生态安全带来潜在风险。文章利用浮游生物成像仪（PlanktonScope）,以定点的方式对大亚湾西南海域的环境因子与尖笔帽螺密度进行采样,并对大亚湾高密度尖笔帽螺的分布特征进行研究。结果显示：在水平方向上,尖笔帽螺主要分布于西部湾口及长湾附近海域,其他海域分布相对较少;在垂向上,尖笔帽螺多分布于高温低盐的表层,低温高盐的下层水体分布较少;体长分布方面,湾口西部及其北侧海域尖笔帽螺体长较长,小辣甲西侧、北侧海域尖笔帽螺体长偏短,湾口中部海域体长远小于其他区域。通过分析结果发现,此次大亚湾湾内高密度尖笔帽螺存在随外海海流输入的可能;温盐分布结果表明,尖笔帽螺多出现在海水表层,其垂直分布可能也受海水分层及海流的影响。通过对尖笔帽螺分布特征的归纳与讨论,可以为后续该种生物的进一步溯源提供参考。     

松原灌区建设对查干湖生态风险分析及对策

松原灌区将对国家自然保护区查干湖周围的盐碱地实施大面积围垦,若大量高浓度碱性尾水直排入湖,将导致查干湖生态系统严重污染.对这一风险合理评估并防范,关系到湖区生态安全与灌区的可行.本文在对湖区生态环境及灌区尾水排放模式与含盐特性系统分析基础上,提出利用退化沼泽湿地(盐沼)构建湿地处理系统(生态缓冲区),而非直接入湖的构想.当灌区运行一定时期,尾水水质得到改善,再入湖发挥补水效应.同时在设计上采取盐碱地分批滚动开发,以控制年排盐总量,降低排盐强度;以及充分利用碱湖泡随机承泄,减轻对查干湖的压力,既可防止湖水污染,又可保证灌区建设可行.     

RESPONSES OF THE S-A DOUBLE-LOG GRAPH,CONCAVITY INDEX AND STEEPNESS INDEX OF CHANNELS TO THE TECTO-NIC MOVEMENT OF THE HUOSHAN PIEDMONT FAULT

The Huoshan piedmont fault is a small watershed region in Shanxi Province. We utilized the high-resolution DEM data and the stream-power incision model which describes the relationship between the tectonic uplift and fluvial incision to analyze the S-A double-log graph, concavity index (θ)and steepness index (logk_s) of the 64 channels across this fault and discuss their responses to the tectonic movement of the fault. The results show that (1)the S-A double-log graphs all exhibit an obvious convex form, which is the direct expression of the response to the situation that the bedrock uplift rate is higher than the fluvial incision rate. (2)All of the concavity index (θ)values of 64 channels are lower than 0.35 with an average value of 0.223, much lower than the empirical value (0.49)of the rivers in steady state. These low values are the quantitative reflections of the channels' slightly concave profiles. Meanwhile they imply that these channels across the fault are very young. There is no enough time for them to adjust the profiles through the fluvial incision to the steady state because of the fault's frequent and strong tectonic movements. (3)The steepness index values of the channels located in the Laoyeding Mt. are highest, while they are lower in the northern and southern mountains. Moreover, the steepness index values of the channels in the northern mountains, on average, are higher than those of the channels in the southern mountains. To a certain extent, this distribution of the steepness index corresponds to the difference in the uplift rates of the Huoshan piedmont fault. It means that the uplift rate of the middle fault segment in the Laoyeding Mt. is highest, and the uplift rate of the northern segment is higher than that of the southern segment.     

Observational and model studies of synoptic current fluctuations in the Bohai Strait on the Chinese continental shelf

Ocean Dynamics - Three winter storms struck the Bohai and Yellow seas in succession during February 16–25, 2017. Periodic fluctuations of sea level, currents, temperature, and salinity were...     

黑龙江省公众防震减灾科普知识调查分析

目前,在地震预报不准确的情况下,全面加强防震减灾宣传教育工作,不断增强社会公众的危机意识和防震减灾能力,是减少灾害损失、保障群众生命财产安全和社会安全稳定的基础工作。近年来,黑龙江省地震局持续开展防震减灾宣传教育,取得了一定的成绩,但通过调研数据可以看出,宣教工作仍然存在着一些问题和不足。希望通过对黑龙江省防震减灾宣教工作的现状进行分析,提出相应对策,有的放矢的做好防震减灾宣传教育工作,引导社会公众共同参与防震减灾活动。