温度、盐度和pH对钝缀锦蛤耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为探究温度、盐度和pH对钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)耗氧率和排氨率的影响,作者采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同温度、盐度和pH对钝缀锦蛤呼吸代谢的影响。实验设定了5个温度梯度(18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃)、5个盐度梯度(18、21、24、27、30)和5个pH梯度(5、6、7、8、9)。结果表明,温度对钝缀锦蛤的耗氧率影响显著(P<0.05),但对排氨率影响不显著(P>0.05),在温度18～30℃范围内,耗氧率随温度的升高而升高,而排氨率随温度的升高先降后升;盐度对该贝的耗氧率和排氨率影响极显著(P<0.01),耗氧率和排氨率随盐度升高先上升后下降,耗氧率和排氨率峰值分别出现在盐度为27和24; pH对钝缀锦蛤的耗氧率和排氨率影响不显著(P>0.05), pH为6～9时,钝缀锦蛤的耗氧率和排氨率变化幅度较小。在温度18～30℃,耗氧率与排氨率之比(O∶N)为5.56～45.4;在盐度18～30,O∶N为17.14～40.09;在pH5～9范围内,O∶N为27.59～40.41。研究结果为进一步研究钝缀锦蛤的生理生态奠定了一定基础。     

成都市体验性网络团购市场发展的空间特征

体验性网络团购模式正在对城市商业空间产生显著影响。以团购商品信息量作为基础数据,采用矢量数据符号法和空间插值法对成都市团购市场发展的空间特征进行分析。结果表明：餐饮、娱乐、生活和旅游酒店类团购信息在各商圈分布的集中化程度与摄影类相比较低。成都市中心区域的团购市场发展水平较高,形成了以春熙路商圈为核心的综合商业型热点区和以建设路商圈和双楠商圈为核心的生活服务型热点区。市场原则下团购市场发展的空间公平性较好的区域主要集中在成都市中心区域。团购市场发展的空间格局具有明显的区位特征,其空间发展的驱动力主要包括实体商业空间布局、消费者规模空间格局和区域可达性等;“时间距离”对团购市场区位特征产生的摩擦阻力已经超过空间距离。     

MODIS干旱指数对华北干旱的敏感性分析

针对近年来干旱发生频繁的华北地区,通过利用2000-2009年MODIS数据和气象观测站降水资料,建立草地和农田距平植被指数(AVI)与不同时间尺度标准化降水指数(SPI)之间的相关统计模型,比较AVI和距平水分指数(AWI)对干旱响应的敏感性。结果表明：(1)植被生长季AVI与不同时间尺度SPI的相关关系不同。草地AVI与1个月尺度的SPI(即1-SPI)相关系数较低,而与3-SPI相关最显著;而农田区AVI与SPI的相关性较低,总体上农田AVI与3-SPI的相关性较高;(2) AWI与AVI类似,也对SPI存在时滞响应,均与3-SPI有着极显著的相关关系,并且在干旱发生较严重的6~8月份AWI与3-SPI的相关性好于AVI与3-SPI的相关性;(3)运用AWI反演的华北地区2009年夏季干旱分布图较好地反映了旱情的时空分布,与相关气象资料结果相符合。     

内蒙古达赉湖国家级自然保护区的湿地监测与保护管理

<正>达赉湖国家级自然保护区地处呼伦贝尔草原 腹地。呼伦贝尔草原所以肥美,是因为有众多河 流湖泊滋润,形成了广阔的湿地、沙地、草原等 多种景观。为各种生物和人类生活奠定了物质基 础,使得呼伦贝尔成为资源丰富,多个民族,特 别是北方众多游牧民族的主要发祥地。突厥、鲜 卑、蒙古等众多民族生息繁衍于此,并逐步繁荣     

胶州湾夏季异养浮游细菌的时空变化规律及影响因素

2001年夏季对胶州湾异养浮游细菌在一个潮周期内的变化规律及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,胶州湾异养浮游细菌数量的垂直分布特征是表层大于底层,表层平均8.99×109个/L,底层平均5.23×109个/L。胶州湾水体异养浮游细菌日变化幅度在表层水体较为明显,底层相对较小,但其变化规律均为最高值在小潮期而最低值出现在大潮期。浮游动物摄食、浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机物及水温和日光中的紫外辐射是影响胶州湾异养浮游细菌昼夜变化的主要因素,水交换是影响其日变化的主要因素。     

Changes of Biogenic Elements in Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa from Salt Marshes in Yellow River Delta,China

Little information is available on biogenic elements(carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) and the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants in coastal wetlands. To investigate the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur of plants, and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the Yellow(Huanghe) River Delta, plant samples were collected from two typical salt marshes(Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis wetlands) during the period of from August to October in 2007, and the ratios of C/N, C/P, N/P, C/N/P and C/N/P/S were calculated. Results showed that during the studying period, plant C, N and P were lower than the global average values, and plant N and P were lower than the China's average values. Leaf C and S in Suaeda salsa were significantly lower than those in Phragmites australis(P 0.05), and leaf N and P in Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis showed no significant differences(P 0.05). Average C/N ratios were 23.75 in leaf, 73.36 in stem, 65.67 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 33.77 in leaf, 121.68 in stem, 97.13 in root of Phragmites australis. Average C/N ratios of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis were all great than 25, indicating the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta is an N limitation system. Average C/P ratios were 276.78 in leaf, 709.28 in stem and 1031.32 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 536.94 in leaf, 768.13 in stem and 875.22 in root of Phragmites australis. The average N/P ratios of Suaeda salsa were 12.92 in leaf, 10.77 in stem and 10.91 in root, and the average N/P ratios of Phragmites australis were 16.40 in leaf, 7.40 in stem and 6.92 in root, indicating the Suaeda salsa wetlands were N limited and Phragmites australis wetlands were N limited in August and P limited in October in 2007. The average C/N, C/P and C/N/P ratios in Suaeda salsa and Pragmites australis were higher than the global average values, indicating the lower quality of organic matter provided by wetland plants in the Yellow River delta.     

新疆孔雀河北岸72~51 ka BP湖相沉积物的孢粉植物群初步研究

对新疆孔雀河北缘的LX02剖面湖相沉积物开展了OSL测年和孢粉记录研究。结果显示：该剖面湖相沉积自72.4 ka BP延续到51.0 ka BP。这一期间,研究区为针叶、阔叶混交林植被,林下生长灌木和草本,低洼潮湿的地方生长蕨类孢子和藻类。植被的主要类型有松（Pinus）、栎（Quercus）、栗（Castanea）、榛（Corylus）、莎草（Cyperaceae）、蒿（Artemisia）、藜（Chenopodiaceae）、水龙骨科（Polypodiaceae）等,同时还含有少量的山核桃（Carya）和枫杨（Pterocarya）等亚热带的孑遗植物花粉。具体来说,组合带Ⅰ（72.4~66.8 ka BP）、Ⅲ（56.1~51.0 ka BP）对应的沉积期间,研究区阔叶树花粉含量低而灌木和草本花粉含量高;组合带Ⅱ（66.8~56.1 ka BP）对应的沉积期阔叶树花粉含量都较高,而灌木和草本花粉相对较低,揭示72.4~51.0 ka BP研究区气候总体上呈现冷干-暖湿的气候波动特征。这与粘土矿物和地球化学特征所反映的古气候特征及其变化一致,亦与柴达木盆地东部介形类丰度特征研究、柴达木盆地东部古湖泊高湖面光释光年代学研究、北京平原区有机碳同位素研究等结果吻合较好,然而,这一气候变化规律的内部驱动机制还有待进一步的深入研究。     

46 a气候变化对呼伦湖区域生态环境的影响

 利用1959—2005年温度、降水和卫星遥感监测资料,研究呼伦湖区域气候变化特征,进而分析气候变化对其周边地区生态环境的影响。结果表明：①近46 a来呼伦湖区域温度呈显著的升高态势;降水量波动性较大,总体上呈下降趋势,并存在11 a和22 a的周期性变化。从1999年至2005年降水量下降趋势加快。②无论是温度还是降水,其气候变率都处于升高的时期,气候变率的增大是导致极端气候事件如干旱、高温酷热天气等增多的主要原因。近年来气候的变干、变暖,使得1999年以后呼伦湖区域生态呈现快速恶化的趋势。由此引起一系列生态环境问题,如呼伦湖水域面积的缩小、湿地萎缩、草场退化等。③近年来小雨事件呈减少趋势,但进入21世纪后小雨强度和干燥事件显著增强,致使干旱事件频发和强度的增加,进一步加剧了呼伦湖区域生态环境的恶化。     

动力学模型预测深海鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)调理食品常温下的货架期

为了预测鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)调理食品的货架期,将鲣鱼调理食品贮藏在25°C、30°C、35°C温度条件下,通过测定在贮藏期间菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、过氧化值三个指标的变化,分别对这三个指标与贮藏时间、温度建立一级动力学模型,来预测鲣鱼调理食品的货架期。经计算得出,菌落总数预测模型中的活化能(Ea)及指前因子(k0)分别为30.96 k J/mol和2.06×103,挥发性盐基氮预测模型中的的活化能及指前因子分别为24.35 k J/mol和75.1,过氧化值预测模型中的活化能及指前因子分别为48.75 k J/mol和2.92×106。在32°C和37°C条件下验证动力学模型,结果表明相对误差分别为–5.52%和–6.45%,准确性较好。进一步推算得出,在18°C和23°C常温下贮藏鲣鱼调理食品,产品的货架期为209d和172d。     

8.4 ka以来纳木错湖芯介形类组合的环境变化意义

A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assem-blages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environ-ment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of cli-mate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present en-vironment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simulta-neous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abun-dance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment.