A MORE GENERAL FORM OF ERROR DISTRIBUTION

This paper deduced a more general error distribution,the p-th pow-er norm distribution,based on the foundational properties of random errors.     

OUTLIER DETECTION AND RELIABILITY OF ADJUSTMENT MODELS WITH SINGULAR COVARIANCE MATRICES

Up to now,outlier detection and reliability theory are generallybased on the regular Gauss-Markov models,in which the covariance matrix of ob-servations is positively definite.For the adjustment models with singular covari-ance matrix,the statistics for outlier detection are derived by the authors.Thecorresponding reliability theory is developed.And the application of the theory isdemonstrated with a practical example.     

Elemental Geochemical Anomaly in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation-Dengying FormationBoundary in Miaohe, Hubei

No research has been made on such a lower rank boundary as the Sinian Doushantuo Formation-Dengying Formation boundary in the eastern region of the Yangtze Gorges. Elemental geochemical determination has revealed anomalies of REE and other trace elements around the boundary, which have relatively high contents than those in its overlying and underlying beds. The authors therefore think that a catastrophic event once occurred in the Miaohe area at the end of the Doushantuoan Period, which caused the mass extinction of the Miaohe biota.     

Variations of δ~(18)O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths

Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ18 O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ18O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the δ18O in the rainy season smaller than in,the dry season. The δ18O values in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the n     

漫滩水流摩阻因子与涡粘性系数的研究

对复式河道漫滩水流进行了研究,建立了摩阻因子与一维明渠流摩阻因子的关系,揭示出滩地的量纲为一涡粘性系数随着摩阻因子的增加而增加,并将二次流的影响表达成与雷诺切应力相同的形式,从而将其归入表观切应力中,由量纲为一表观涡粘性系数确定,后者可通过量纲为一表观涡粘性系数与摩阻因子之间的一个关系加以计算,该关系类似于量纲为一涡粘性系数与摩阻因子之间的关系。对光滑边界上对称的漫滩水流进行了计算,计算结果与实验资料吻合良好。     

隧道围岩中黄铁矿的氧化对隧道混凝土衬砌耐久性的影响研究

当隧道工程施工遇到含黄铁矿的地层时，黄铁矿氧化形成的酸性环境以及其引发的一系列化学反应会对隧道混凝土衬砌的耐久性带来不利的影响。利用黄铁矿氧化形成酸性环境水的一系列化学反应和机理，并对隧道混凝土衬砌在酸性环境水条件下的侵蚀过程进行了实验室浸泡试验和理论分析，运用化学热力学对酸性环境下混凝土中不同硅酸盐矿物和铝酸盐矿物侵蚀反应的吉布斯自由能的变化△Gγ^φ和反应的平衡常数lgKT。计算结果表明铝酸盐抗H^ 离子侵蚀的能力比硅酸盐差；在酸性水中，高钙硅比、高碱性的是水化矿物一般比低钙硅比、低碱性的水化矿物稳定性差。研究结果结合具体的隧道工点调查，可以为穿越含黄铁矿地层的隧道混凝土病害整治和预防提出了针对性很强的工程措施。     

莺歌海黄流组砂岩的AVO正演特征研究

莺歌海盆地主要舍气储集层是粉砂岩与极细砂岩，在无测井资料的情况下，很难用地震波一般属性参数直接区分砂岩的含水与舍气特征。利用模型AVO演预测莺歌海黄流组含气砂岩的方法及AVO正演曲线及属性剖面的计算原理，了解不同地层状态下岩石储盖组合模型的AVO响应，分析莺歌海盆地黄流组储集层砂岩的含水与含气特征，以预测黄流组储集层的舍气砂岩段。     

云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体中橄榄石的矿物化学

分析了云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体主体岩石及包体中橄榄石矿物的化学成分。结果显示,不同类型岩石中橄榄石的矿物化学成分之间具有较好的线性关系;橄榄辉石岩包体中橄榄石的Fo值最高,其亚种属靠近镁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石;从霞霓钠辉岩→霓霞岩→磷霞岩,橄榄石的Fo值逐渐降低,其亚种从靠近镁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石→靠近透铁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石→低铁镁铁橄榄石。这些特征表明,本区三类主体岩石为岩浆结晶分异作用的产物;橄榄辉石岩包体为Ⅱ类包体,可能为杂岩体原始岩浆早期结晶分异作用所形成的堆积岩碎块。     

非金属矿物在抗菌材料制备中的应用

介绍了几种非金属矿物(沸石、海泡石等)的结构特点,并简要阐述了以沸石、海泡石和累托石等为载体的金属离子型无机抗菌剂的制备方法及其对各种菌类的抑制情况;天然非金属矿物结构独特,价格低,资源广,作为抗菌剂载体具有很高的应用价值。     

扬沙和沙尘暴对导线电位影响的风洞模拟实验

根据风洞模拟实验，研究发现扬沙和沙尘暴过程中：①导线电位随风速及输沙量的增大，呈指数规律递增；②随沙粒粒径的增大，电位差随高度的变化具有上扬的趋势；③粒径愈大，电位差反而减小；④沙尘暴中导线电位高于扬沙天气；⑤伴雨状况下的沙尘暴较之非伴雨状况下具有较强的电位差；⑥导线材料相同时，导线直径越小，电位差愈大；⑦导线直径相同时．铝线较之铜线具有较强的电位差，且当裸铝线两端加电压2～4kV时，出现尘端放电现象。