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31.
Studied in this paper is the inelastic seismic behaviour of asymmetric-plan buildings using the histories of base shear and torque. The first step in understanding this behaviour is to construct the base shear and torque surface (BST) for the building, which represents all combinations of shear and torque that applied statically lead to collapse of the structure. Several factors controlling the shape of this surface, such as strength eccentricity and bidirectional ground motion, are identified. Also, their effects on the building responses are studied considering several structural configurations. The results obtained show that the BST surface, in conjunction with the base-shear and torque histories, provides a useful conceptual framework for understanding the behaviour of asymmetric systems. Furthermore, using these surfaces, relevant aspects of the behaviour and design of such buildings become apparent even before dynamic analysis of the structure. 相似文献
32.
Anil Misra Lance A. Roberts Steven M. Levorson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(1):65-77
Load displacement analysis of drilled shafts can be accomplished by utilizing the “t-z” method, which models soil resistance
along the length and tip of the drilled shaft as a series of springs. For non-linear soil springs, the governing differential
equation that describes the soil-structure interaction may be discretized into a set of algebraic equations based upon finite
difference methods. This system of algebraic equations may be solved to determine the load–displacement behavior of the drilled
shaft when subjected to compression or pullout. By combining the finite difference method with Monte Carlo simulation techniques, a probabilistic load–displacement analysis can be conducted. The probabilistic analysis is advantageous
compared to standard factor of safety design because uncertainties with the shaft–soil interface and tip properties can be
independently quantified. This paper presents a reliability analysis of drilled shaft behavior by combining the finite difference
technique for analyzing non-linear load–displacement behavior with Monte Carlo simulation method. As a result we develop probabilistic relationships for drilled shaft design for both total stress (undrained)
and effective stress (drained) parameters. The results are presented in the form of factor of safety or resistance factors
suitable for serviceability design of drilled shafts. 相似文献
33.
Dev Niyogi Hsin-I Chang Fei Chen Lianhong Gu Anil Kumar Surabi Menon Roger A. Pielke Sr. 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(2):345-359
Aerosols can affect the cloud-radiation feedback and the precipitation over the Indian monsoon region. In this paper, we propose
that another pathway by which aerosols can modulate the multi-scale aspect of Indian monsoons is by altering the land–atmosphere
interactions. The nonlinear feedbacks due to aerosol/diffuse radiation on coupled interactions over the Indian monsoon region
are studied by: (1) reviewing recent field measurements and modeling studies, (2) analyzing the MODIS and AERONET aerosol
optical depth datasets, and (3) diagnosing the results from sensitivity experiments using a mesoscale modeling system. The
results of this study suggest that the large magnitude of aerosol loading and its impact on land–atmosphere interactions can
significantly influence the mesoscale monsoonal characteristics in the Indo-Ganges Basin. 相似文献
34.
Time delay problem and its compensation in active control of civil engineering structures were studied. It has been shown by stability analysis of a SDOF system with time delayed feedback that the maximum allowable time delay depends not only on the natural period of the structure but also on feedback gains. We have demonstrated by numerical simulation that the performance of the control system degrades significantly when the time delay is close to this value and it even becomes unstable when time delay is greater than or equal to this value. The maximum allowable time delay decreases with decrease in natural period of the structure as well as with increase in active damping. The paper presents a technique for compensation by modelling time delay as transportation lag. This method ensures the stability of the controlled system as well as the desired response reduction. 相似文献
35.
Approximate incremental dynamic analysis using the modal pushover analysis procedure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)—a procedure developed for accurate estimation of seismic demand and capacity of structures—requires non‐linear response history analysis of the structure for an ensemble of ground motions, each scaled to many intensity levels, selected to cover the entire range of structural response—all the way from elastic behaviour to global dynamic instability. Recognizing that IDA of practical structures is computationally extremely demanding, an approximate procedure based on the modal pushover analysis procedure is developed. Presented are the IDA curves and limit state capacities for the SAC‐Los Angeles 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐storey buildings computed by the exact and approximate procedures for an ensemble of 20 ground motions. These results demonstrate that the MPA‐based approximate procedure reduces the computational effort by a factor of 30 (for the 9‐storey building), at the same time providing results to a useful degree of accuracy over the entire range of responses—all the way from elastic behaviour to global dynamic instability—provided a proper hysteretic model is selected for modal SDF systems. The accuracy of the approximate procedure does not deteriorate for 9‐ and 20‐storey buildings, although their dynamics is more complex, involving several ‘modes’ of vibration. For all three buildings, the accuracy of the MPA‐based approximate procedure is also satisfactory for estimating the structural capacities for the limit states of immediate occupancy, collapse prevention, and global dynamic instability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
36.
A method for analysis of response of axisymmetric towers partly submerged in water to earthquake ground motion is presented. The tower is idealized as a finite element system. The hydrodynamic terms are determined by solving the Laplace equation, governing the dynamics of incompressible fluids, subject to appropriate boundary conditions. For cylindrical towers, these solutions are obtained as explicit mathematical solutions of the boundary value problems; whereas they are obtained by the finite element method in case of towers with non-cylindrical outside surface. The response to earthquake ground motion is determined by step-by-step integration of the equations of motion. Analyses of two actual intake towers are presented to illustrate results obtained by this method. The small computation times required for these analyses demonstrate that the method is very efficient. The effectiveness of this formulation lies in avoiding the analysis of a large system by using a substructure approach and in exploiting the important feature that structural response to earthquake ground motion is essentially contained in the first few modes of vibration of the tower with no surrounding water. 相似文献
37.
38.
Soil erosion by water is the root cause of ecological degradation in the Shiwalik foothills of Northern India. Simulation of runoff and its component processes is a pre‐requisite to develop the management strategies to tackle the problem, successfully. A two‐dimensional physically based distributed numerical model, ROMO2D has been developed to simulate runoff from small agricultural watersheds on an event basis. The model employs the 2‐D Richards equation with sink term to simulate infiltration and soil moisture dynamics in the vadoze zone under variable rainfall conditions, and 2‐D Saint‐Venant equations under the kinematic wave approximation along with Manning's equation as the stage‐discharge equation for runoff routing. The various flow‐governing equations have been solved numerically by employing a Galerkin finite element method for spatial discretization using quadrilateral elements and finite difference techniques for temporal solutions. The ROMO2D computer program has been developed as a class‐based program, coded in C + + in such a way that with minor modifications, the model can be used to simulate runoff on a continuous basis. The model writes output for a runoff hydrograph of each storm. Model development is described in this paper and the results of model testing and field application are to be presented in a subsequent paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
Bianchi type I, III, V, VI0, and Kantowski-Sachs type models have been investigated in a scalar tensor theory developed by Saez and Ballester (1985) and Saez (1985). The dynamical behaviour of the models has also been analyzed. 相似文献
40.