Deep origin of Cenozoic volcanoes in Northeast China revealed by 3-D electrical structure

The three-dimensional(3-D)electrical structure of the upper-mantle was used to examine the deep origins of and relationship among the Cenozoic volcanoes located in Northeast China(NEC).High-quality,long-period magnetotelluric(LMT)full-impedance tensor data were collected in NEC and subjected to 3-D Gauss-Newton inversion in order to construct a resistivity model.The resulting model reveals the presence of multiple localized low-resistivity anomalies(LRAs)within the high resistivity lithosphere beneath NEC.These LRAs partially coincide with Cenozoic volcanoes on the surface.Three LRAs that form a larger,annular LRA were observed in the deep upper mantle beneath the Songliao Basin,whereas vein-like LRAs were found in the asthenosphere that connect the lithosphere and deep upper mantle.Petrophysical analyses suggest that the LRAs may have been caused by fluid-induced melting.Based on our electrical model,we propose that,following dehydration of the subducted Western Pacific slab into the mantle transition zone(MTZ)beneath NEC,the released water migrated upward and caused partial melting at the top of the MTZ beneath the Songliao Basin.Under the effect of buoyancy,the melted mantle formed a thermal upwelling that caused melting of asthenosphere before diapiring at the base of the dry lithosphere.The magma then penetrated structural boundaries(such as thinner,weaker,or activated suture zones)and finally reached the Earth's surface.This melting and upwelling of hot mantle materials may have resulted in large-scale volcanism in the region throughout the Cenozoic,including the eruption of Changbai Mountain and Halaha Volcanoes.Our results suggest that the Cenozoic NEC volcanoes may all share a similar mode of genesis,and probably originated from the annular LRA in the deep upper mantle.     

近25a来新疆农作物水足迹与经济增长的空间关系分析

水—经济空间关系是干旱区与半干旱区水资源研究的热点,揭示水—经济空间分布演变规律和因果关系,可为优化水资源合理配置、合理部署产业结构调整政策提供理论和决策参考。研究应用水足迹理论,核算新疆各地州1991—2015年农作物水足迹,结合信息熵值理论分析新疆各地州农作物水足迹、国内生产总值、第一产业增加值其熵值的空间演变规律及因果关系。结果表明：新疆农作物水足迹与第一产业增加值、国内生产总值空间演变整体向着均衡有序的方向发展,水—经济的空间不均衡性逐步缩小;新疆农作物水足迹显著影响其第一产业增加值空间演变,影响期1～5 a,农业经济空间分布受农业用水空间分布的长期制约;农作物水足迹和国内生产总值没有空间演变因果关系,全疆经济发展向着第二产业、第三产发展转型,农业经济不再显著影响全疆经济发展。     

西北内陆河流域“自然—社会—贸易”三元水循环模式解析

持续的强人类活动大大改变了流域水循环演变的结构、路径和驱动力,后者又反过来影响着人类生存发展的水安全。日益深入的市场经济使人类活动对水循环的影响从一个流域扩展到流域之外更宽广的区域范围,以产品贸易为纽带的水“流动”已成为驱动区域水循环演变与影响区域水安全的重要内在因素。以流域为单元的传统水循环研究,难以揭示不同区域之间的水循环联系、双向回馈机制与协同进化机理。本文从西北内陆河流域长期大量输出高耗水农产品这一现象分析入手,采用理论解析与案例相结合方法,阐述分析内陆河流域自然水循环、“自然—社会”二元水循环、区域间贸易水循环的基本过程、显著特征及其驱动机制,继而首次明确提出内陆河流域“自然—社会—贸易”三元水循环模式,并就其通量计量模型、影响因素与生态环境效应、科学前沿进行了探索分析,以便未来西北内陆河水循环、水文水资源等研究能更多重视对驱动内陆河流域水循环的外部力量及其双向互馈、协同进化的分析,更新内陆河流域水安全、生态安全的思考范式。     

基于MicroStation的地图符号库设计与实现

论述了基于MicroStation的地图符号库设计与制作方法,探讨了系统设置、分层设计、符号化控制对应表的设计与建立及制作方法,试验证明其实用可行。     

青海玉树地震灾情遥感应急监测分析

2010-04-147时49分,中国青海省玉树藏族自治州结古镇附近(北纬33.2°,东经96.6°)发生了Ms7.1级地震。利用灾后高分辨率航空影像,结合震前北京一号小卫星、SPOT正射影像,在分析地质构造背景基础之上,从房屋建筑物损坏情况、生命线工程的损毁程度以及次生灾害的调查等方面开展了灾情遥感应急监测工作,为地震应急决策救援提供宏观、科学(定性、定量)的辅助决策依据。     

非均匀介质中地震波走时与射线路径快速计算技术

介绍了一种基于惠更斯原理和费马原理求取地震波走时及其反射波射线路径的新方法 .该方法具有原理简单、易于实现、能适应较为复杂地质模型以及易于将其推广到各向异性介质等优点 .为了克服基本算法速度较慢的缺陷 ,提出了一种地震波走时和反射波射线路径计算的改进方法 .在保证精度的条件下 ,该改进算法的计算速度显著提高 .     

梅雨锋短时大暴雨的多尺度环境场分析

利用常规观测资料、FY2E卫星TBB资料以及NCEP FNL再分析资料对2011年6月14日江西北部梅雨锋大暴雨的环境场进行分析。结果表明:(1)在极为有利的天气形势下,江南北部锋生以及低空急流对地形的强迫作用导致β中尺度系统强烈发展,是短时暴雨的触发机制。(2)稳定的环流背景下,500 hPa东亚大槽槽后冷平流与南方暖湿气流持续在江南北部对峙,是暴雨带稳定于赣北的原因。强的热力不稳定、较强的垂直风切变、低层充沛的水汽供应以及强烈的辐合抬升是短时暴雨产生的有利环境场。(3)多尺度系统的协同作用和稳定维持,使西南急流异常强盛。暴雨区上空强垂直上升运动、高空强辐散、低空强辐合与中尺度系统的发展互相耦合,导致梅雨锋上出现大暴雨。干冷空气与暖湿气流在地面至对流层中低层汇合,激发正涡度柱沿假相当位温锋区倾斜向上发展;强烈上升气流穿越锋区加大了层结的不稳定,激发大量不稳定能量释放,使暴雨具有强对流性。(4)不同性质气流在赣东北的交锋、边界层强辐合与喇叭口地形的相互作用是赣东北成为暴雨中心的原因。     

New phenomenon in early development of sporelings in Gracilaria asiatica Chang et Xia （Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta）

1 INTRODUCTION The red alga Gracilaria belongs to Gracilari- aceae, Gigartinales, Florideophyceae, and includes over 100 recorded species, wildly distributing in tropical and temperate regions (Oliveira and Plastino, 1994), and is useful for producing val…     

Emergency alternative evaluation and selection based on ANP,DEMATEL, and TL-TOPSIS

With the increasing occurrence frequency of emergency events, emergency management (EM) has been a very important issue in management science. One of the major activities of EM is to evaluate and select the most desirable emergency alternative(s). This paper proposes a new framework combining the analytic network process (ANP) method, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique, and 2-tuple linguistic technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TL-TOPSIS) method to solve the emergency alternative evaluation and selection problem. This study has been done in three stages. In the first stage, we use DEMATEL technique to obtain the network relation map (NRM) among emergency alternative evaluation criteria or sub-criteria. In the second stage, we use ANP method to calculate the global weight of each sub-criterion based on the NRM among emergency alternative evaluation sub-criteria. In the third stage, the ratings of emergency alternative with respect to each sub-criterion are described by linguistic items, and the TL-TOPSIS method is used to rank the emergency alternative. Finally, a practical example of urban fire emergency alternative selection is given to illustrate the application of the proposed framework.