台湾海峡微微型浮游植物的生态研究——Ⅰ.时空分布及其调控机制

1997年8月、1998年2～3月和1998年8月,调查分析了台湾海峡微微型浮游植物的时空分布(平面、垂直、总日和季节)及其调控机制。结果表明,微微型浮游植物丰度的平面分布不均匀,各类群具有不同的密集区,并存在明显的地理差异,垂直分布存在6种模式,以标准单峰和弱单峰为主,分布类型的多样化是由于微微型浮游植物固有的垂直分布模式和研究海域复杂的地形及水动力(如跃层等)条件相互作用的结果,微微型浮游植物的丰度存在明显的随时间变化现象;在季节变化方面,各类群存在较为明显的差异,温度是影响台湾海峡微微型浮游植物平面分布的重要因子,而光辐照度、温盐跃层是影响垂直分布的重要因子,微微型浮游植物不同类群在时空分布上存在“位移”现象,此与不同类群对温度敏感性不同、对光的利用能力不同以及生存空间的互补性等因素有关。     

“闽南-台湾浅滩渔场上升流区生态系研究”通过评审

1990年5月7日至9日,国家教育委员会和福建省科学技术委员会在厦门大学共同主持召开了“闽南-台湾浅滩渔场上升流区生态系研究”课题评审会议。出席会议的有来自全国8个主要海洋研究、教育单位的海洋水文、化学、生物、地质和渔业等学科的专家,其中有高级职称的38人。与会专家一致认为该课题是我国包括学科较多的一次上升流区生态系综合调查研究,其广度和深度与以往国内同类研究相比有发展和创新。整个课题的     

浮游植物化学分类法—CHEMTAX运算在南中国海应用的改进和优化

In order to determine the phytoplankton community composition, the modification and optimizing of the CHEMical TAXonomy (CHEMTAX) running was carried out through samples grouping, successive run and ev...     

九龙江河-海系统夏季浮游植物磷胁迫研究

采用群落水平和细胞水平碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)相结合的方法,研究了2010年夏季(6-7月)九龙江河-海系统(河流-河口-邻近海域)浮游植物的磷胁迫,结果表明,单位叶绿素a的APA在河流下游区[(48.80±14.69)nmol/(h.μg Chl a)]显著高于河口区[(10.60±15.58)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)]和邻近海域[(23.54±25.41)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)],表明河流区的浮游植物磷胁迫显著高于河口区和邻近海域.三个区域高比例的游离态APA表明该水域浮游植物已较长时间处于磷胁迫状态.细胞水平的浮游植物荧光标记结果显示,河口区(20％±20％)与邻近海域(38％±20％)无显著差异(P＞0.05),此结果与群落水平APA结果相一致;但河口-邻近海域浮游植物的标记比例显著高于河流下游区(9％±3％)(P＜0.05).     

MONITORING POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENT POREWATER BY SPMD

A new mimic biological Semi-permeable Membrane Device (SPMD) introduced for sampling organic pollutants yielded satisfactory results when it was frrst used as a passive sampler to concentrate and determine 16 kinds of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of capillary GC on an HP 5890 GC-FID in coastal sediment perewater. The concentration of PAHs in sediment porewater for naphthalene(N), acenaphthlene(AL), acenaphthene (AE), fluorene (F), phenaphthene(P), anthracene(A), fluoranthene(FA), pyrene(Py), benzo[a]anthracene(B[a]A), chrysene(Chr), benzo[b] fluor- anthene(B[b]F), benzo[k]fluoranthene(B[k]F), benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P),indeno[1,2,3,-cd]-Pyrene(I[123]P), dibenz[a,h]anthracene(D[ab]A) and benzo[g,h,i] perylene(B[ghi]P) were:50.36, under detection limits(UD), 18.19, 8.41, 8.40, 1.44, UD, 8.01, 524.15, 168.47, 50.13,123.66, 63.48, 27.40, 82.04 and 58,81 ng/L, respectively.     

The genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene and methamidophos on black porgy evaluated by comet assay

In this study, two common pollutants （benzo[a]pyrene and methamidophos） in marine environment were tested by comet assay for their inducement of in vivo genotoxic effect to the blood cells of black porgy （ Acanthopagrus schlegeli）. The fish was exposed to 2 μg/L of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） and methamidophos, and their mixture. The assay was performed on whole blood at 2 h, 5 h, 24 h and 96 h exposure intervals. A significant increase in DNA damage was observed in each treatment with the pollutants. Additive effect of BaP and methamidophos was also found in the experiment. However, the decrease ratios of DNA damage for 5 h and 96 h exposure interals compared with 2 h and 24 h exposure ones, respectively, were noticed. This phenomenon may be explained by the function of repairing process via enzyme cytochrome P450 in the animal. Evidence of the genotoxicity of organophosphorus pesticides （OPs） and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） on marine fish are discussed in this paper.     

Preliminary study on PAH degradation by bacteria from contaminated sediments in Xiamen Western Sea,Fujian, China

In order to estimate the biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, bacterial strains were isolated from marine sediments in three heavily contaminated sites (Yuandang Lake, Dongdu Port and Aquacultural zones in Maluan Bay) in Xiamen Western Sea. The results show three bacterial strains, which used pyrene as the sole carbon source, were identified as strains of Aureobacterium sp.,Arthrobacter sp., Rhodococcus sp. The PAH-degrading bacteria isolated had a strong ability to degrade phenanhrene, fluoranthene and pyrene at different degradation rates. The highest degradation rate was observed when three PAH compounds were mixed with an individual strain in the medium. The three PAHs were degraded after one week with a degradation rate of 89.94 % for phenanthrene and 93.4 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene.In addition, after 25 days of incubation, the degradation rate was 99.98 % for phenanthrene and 99.97 % for both of fluoranthene and pyrene. Optical density was measured to estimate bacterial growth during the degradation of PAHs. Highest levels of bacterial growth were observed with a three PAH mixture in the culture, suggesting that the concentration of PAHs influenced bacterial growth and the highest levels of degradation for most series were detected after one week of incubation.     

海岸带综合管理中面临的科学问题

海岸带综合管理中存在的最主要问题之一就是政策的制定者与科学家之间缺少必要的信息交流。一方面科学家很少能参与政策的制定,他们不清楚该为决策者们提供什么科学信息;另一方面,政策的制定者又很少了解和利用科学家的研究成果。其结果是科学家辛苦劳动得来的成果不能被管理决策层所利用。海岸带生态系统普遍退化的基本原因之一就是在海岸带开发和管理中缺乏必要的科学技术支撑。     

反相高效液相色谱法分离、测定海洋浮游植物的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素

在海洋环境研究和监测中,经常要测定水体中光合色素及其降解产物的含量,最常用的是分光法和荧光法,该方法操作简便、快速,灵敏度较高,但最大的局限是无法区分多种色素的混合体。Ｍｉｌｌｉｅ等１９９３年指出,在天然样品中,常常会有多达２０种的特征色素存在。而某些特征色素的鉴定,对阐明传统生物分类方法所遇到的难题,常常起到很好的辅助及借鉴作用［１］。８０年代以来,Ｍａｎｔｏｕｒａ等１９８３年、Ｓｕｚｕｋｉ等１９９３年和Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ等１９９１年相继建立了分析海洋浮游植物光合色素组成的高效液相色谱法。在这种背景…     

埃尔尼诺现象与东海黑潮区及其邻近海域水文结构和环流的变异：东海黑 …

本文阐明ＥＮＳＯ现象与台湾岛东北部冷涡关系,在ＥＮ年夏季仅能出现东北型及该型双涡Ⅰ型,而非ＥＮ和ＥＮ年则出现东侧型和西侧型及双涡Ⅱ,Ⅲ型,此外还在前人研究基础上,给出东海东北部环流图式和在ＥＮ年夏季环流图式,还对海洋锋等进行初步讨论。