台湾海峡斑鰶群体遗传学研究

基于线粒体控制区片段,对采自于台湾海峡的4个斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)群体进行群体遗传学研究.结果显示:4个斑鰶群体均呈现出高的单倍型多样度和低的核苷酸多样度;邻接关系树结构简单,且单倍型网络图呈星形结构,二者均未检测到与地理群体相对应的谱系结构;AMOVA和群体间遗传分化指数Fst的计算结果显示斑鰶的遗传变异主要来自于群体内,群体间遗传分化微弱,无显著群体遗传结构;核苷酸不配对分布和中性检验结果均暗示斑鰶经历了近期的群体扩张事件,推测扩张时间大约在5.29×104a前,属于更新世晚期.斑鰶幼体较长的浮游期和洋流的输送作用可能是造成该海域群体间具有较高遗传同质性的主要原因,进一步提示该海域的斑鰶可作为同一种质资源和保护单元进行评估、管理.     

荣成俚岛和胶南斋堂岛斑头鱼渔业生物学特征的比较研究

对2010年10月采自荣成俚岛和胶南斋堂岛近海的斑头鱼(Hexagrammos agrammus)繁殖群体生物学特征进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:两个群体斑头鱼的体长组成和体质量组成差异不显著,优势体长组均为100～150mm,优势体质量组分别为20.0～50.0g和30.0～70.0 g;体长与体质量关系分别为W=2.0×10-5L3.0.257(R2=0.968 7)和W=1.0×10 5L3.0805(R2=0.943 8),肥满度指数(K)分别为1.83±0.19和2.08±0.20.荣成俚岛斑头鱼较胶南斋堂岛群体的生长速度慢、肥满度指数低,但卵径大、性成熟较早.斑头鱼雌雄个体的性腺成熟度和性成熟系数均与体长呈正相关关系;肝脏指数和肥满度指数变化可作为判定斑头鱼繁殖时期的重要依据.水温不同造成2个群体繁殖期差异,胶南斋堂岛群体繁殖时间相对滞后.     

Genetics and phylogeny of genus Coilia in China based on AFLP markers

The taxonomy of Coilia has been extensively studied in China, and yet phylogenetic relationships among component taxa remain controversial. We used a PCR-based fingerprinting technique, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to characterize and identify all four species of Coilia in China. We examined the genetic relationships of the four species of Coilia and a subspecies of Coilia nasus with AFLP. A total of 180 AFLP loci were generated from six primer combinations, of which 76.11% were polymorphic. The mean genetic distance between pairs of taxa ranged from 0.047 to 0.596. The neighbor-joining tree and UPGMA dendrogram resolved the investigated species into three separate lineages: (1) C. mystus, (2) C. grayii and (3) C. brachygnathus, C. nasus, and C. nasus taihuensis. Phylogenetic analysis of the AFLP data is inconsistent with current morphological taxonomic systems. The AFLP data indicated a close relationship among C. brachygnathus, C. nasus taihuensis, and C. nasus. Therefore, the two species described under Coilia (C. brachygnathus and C. nasus taihuensis) are treated as synonyms of C. nasus.     

绒螯近方蟹的生物学初步研究

对绒螯近方蟹(Hemigrapsuspenicillatus)的生态习性和繁殖生物学进行了初步的调查和实验研究。雌性、雄性甲宽与体重的关系分别为W♀=0.6056×L2.9806(n=132,r=0.96),W♂=0.5893×L3.1215(n=50,r=0.97)。抱卵量与甲宽的关系为Q=865.82L-7275(r=0.97)。幼体发育分为5期状幼体和1期大眼幼体。胚胎、状幼体和大眼幼体的发育积温分别为219.4℃,226.35℃,49.3℃(以12℃为生物学零度)。     

酵母双杂交系统用于WSSV结构蛋白VP39相互作用的宿主蛋白基因的初步研究

为研究WSSV的结构蛋白VP39相关蛋白的基因,应用酵母双杂交系统筛选中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)鳃细胞全长cDNA文库。将构建好的VP39基因的重组载体pGBKT7-VP39转化酵母Y187后,与含文库质粒的酵母株AH109融合,在营养缺陷培养基上进行反复筛选,得到1个阳性克隆,测序并进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,此cDNA片段在数据库中是新序列,该蛋白在WSSV识别并结合宿主的过程中所起的作用还有待于进一步研究。本实验成功筛选了VP39相关蛋白的cDNA片段,为进一步研究WSSV的致病机理奠定了基础。     

黄海南部和东海小黄鱼资源分布差异性研究

根据2006年6月～2007年4月黄海南部和东海底拖网监测调查资料,比较分析了2个海域小黄鱼资源密度指数(CPUE)分布、环境因子特征、CPUE与环境因子相关关系的差异.研究结果表明,黄海南部和东海小黄鱼资源密度指数分布除了秋季分布有显著差异之外(t′_((33))=2.69,P=0.011),其余季节分布均无显著差异(春季:t′_((43))=1.68,P=0.104;夏季:t′_((60))=0.31,P=0.756 7;冬季:t′_((43))=1.74,P=0.089);夏季的底层盐度分布和水深分布没有明显差异,在其他季节,黄海南部和东海的底层水温、底层盐度和水深分布等环境特征的差异明显,均达到极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)水平;资源密度与环境因子回归分析和AIC模型选择中,2个海域夏季的小黄鱼资源密度受到有显著性影响的环境因子数最多,而冬季受到有显著性影响的环境因子最少.综合推断,黄海南部和东海小黄鱼具有不同空间分布特征和环境分布特征,2个海域的小黄鱼分属于不同种群,但在2个海域交界处有混栖种群.     

角木叶鲽的群体遗传多样性研究和形态学分析

角木叶鲽(Pleuronichthys cornutus)是中国近海重要的经济鱼类,本研究基于线粒体DNA控制区第一高变区部分序列,对采自青岛和舟山近海的角木叶鲽群体进行遗传多样性研究。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析显示:舟山和青岛两群体均呈现较高的单倍型多样度和较低的核苷酸多样度;单倍型邻接关系树与最小跨度树均显示青岛、舟山两个群体个体相互混杂,无显著的分支;群体间遗传分化指数(F_(ST)=0.027 6;P=0.030 3)揭示了两群体之间存在微弱的遗传分化;TaJima’s D中性检验和贝叶斯天际线分析的结果显示角木叶鲽群体可能经历过近期扩张事件。基础形态学特征测量结果表明,舟山群体的可量性状比值,如体长/尾柄高、体长/头长、体长/有(无)眼侧胸鳍长等均略高于青岛群体,其中体长/有(无)眼侧胸鳍长差异显著。     

Effects of temperature, pH and NaC1 on protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

The protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot Scophthalmus maximum was studied, and the optimal pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were determined for different portions of the fish＇s internal organs. The optimal activity in the fish＇s stomach was at pH of 2.2, while that in the intestinal extracts was within the alkaline range from 9.5 to 10.0. In hepatopancreas, the optimal pH was in low alkalinity at 8.5. The optimal reaction temperature was above 40℃ in stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas. With increasing temperature, the pH value increased in stomach, while in the intestine, an opposite tendency was observed due to combined effect of pH and temperature. NaCl concentration showed inhibitory impact on protein digestion in hepatopancreas. The main protease for protein digestion in turbot seemed to be pepsin. Moreover, the maximum protease activity in different segments of intestine existed in the hindgut.