2009年葫芦岛附近海域鱼卵仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布

2009年5、8、10和12月,利用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物水平和垂直拖网对葫芦岛海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布进行了4个季度的调查。调查结果表明:4个季度共采到鱼卵44粒,仔稚鱼79尾,共鉴定出13个种,隶属于6目10科11属,其中有2种舌鳎类的鱼卵未能鉴定到种。优势种为赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、沙氏下鱵鱼(Hyporhamphus sajo-ri)、绯(Callionymus beniteguri)。春季垂直拖网采集到5粒鱼卵、8尾仔稚鱼。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的出现频率分别为25%和33.33%,平均密度分别为24.272和38.835ind/100m3;夏季水平和垂直拖网分别采集31粒鱼卵、47尾仔稚鱼和5粒鱼卵、24尾仔稚鱼,鱼卵、仔稚鱼的出现频率分别为100%、66.67%和20%、73.33%,平均密度分别为4.463、6.767ind/100m2和17.934、86.083ind/100m3;秋季和冬季都仅在水平拖网采到鱼卵,出现频率分别为10%和25%,密度分别为0.259和0.324ind/100m2。分析结果表明:随着季节的变化,暖水种、暖温种、冷温种间出现交替。春、秋、冬季鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)平均值均较低,且各值均低于夏季,说明夏季种类结构相对其余3季稳定,多样性指数高、种类组成复杂、种间分布较均匀。本研究结果与该海域1998年同期(5、8月)调查结果在数量分布上有明显差异,鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布发生了显著变化。     

Effects of temperature, pH and NaCl on protease activity in digestive tract of young turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

1 INTRODUCTION Digestive enzyme activity is one of important issues for learning digestive physiology of fish, and widely applied in commercial fish culture. So far, the data obtained in fish showed that the diges- tive enzymes were qualitatively similar …     

许氏平鲉群体耳石形态学比较

利用9个耳石形状指标:圆度、形态因子、环率、矩形趋近率、椭圆率、半径比、Feret比、幅形比、面密度对中国近海8个许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)群体共228尾个体的耳石形态进行单因子方差分析、判别分析、主成分分析等多元统计分析,并与傅里叶分析结果进行比较。单因子方差分析结果显示,丹东群体和日照群体的9个指标存在显著差异,荣成群体和胶南、青岛、乳山3个群体分别存在9个指标的显著差异,胶南群体和乳山群体存在9个指标差异不显著(P>0.05);第一主成分和第二主成分解释了约72%的形态差异;9个指标在判别分析中的综合判别正确率为64.9%。傅里叶分析结果显示综合判别正确率为43.8%,较第一种方法降低21.1%,9个主成分指标解释了89.2%的形态差异。多元统计分析及傅里叶分析结果均表明中国近海许氏平鲉群体之间形态差异不显著。     

Profile of candidate microsatellite markers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastiscus marmoratus</Emphasis> using 454 pyrosequencing

Sebastiscus marmoratus is an important sedentary ovoviparous fish distributed in near-shore coastal waters from the coast of China to Japan. Candidate S. marmoratus microsatellite markers were developed in the present study using 454 pyrosequencing, and the marker profile was analyzed. A total of 2 000 000 raw sequence reads were assembled to reduce redundancy. Among them, 1 043 dinucleotide, 925 trinucleotide, 692 tetranucleotide, and 315 pentanucleotide repeats were detected. AC repeats were the most frequent motifs among the dinucleotide repeats, and AAT was the most abundant among the trinucleotide repeats. AAAT, ATAG, and ATCC were the three most common tetranucleotide motifs, and AAGAT and AATAT were the most dominant pentanucleotide motifs. The greatest numbers of loci and potentially amplifiable loci were found in dinucleotide repeats, whereas trinucleotide repeats had the fewest. In summary, a wide range of candidate microsatellite markers were identified in the present study using a rapid and efficient 454 pyrosequencing approach.     

A new record of Sebastes koreanus from China based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding

A new record of Sebastes koreanus(Kim and Lee,1994) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. Fifty-six S ebastes specimens were collected from the coastal waters of northern China. Samples were identified as S. koreanus based on morphological characters. The coloration and morphometric measurements were consistent with those described from specimens collected in South Korea. In this study,specimens had the following morphological characteristics:light brown body with dark stripes and tiny dark spots,4–5 wide indistinct vertical patterns on the side,2 radial stripes behind and below the eyes,1 large dark blotch on the opercle. Additionally,the following meristic characters were recorded:dorsal fin XIV-13,pectoral fin 16,anal fin III-6–7,pelvic fin I-5,lateral line scales 29–30,and vertebrae 26. The fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I(C OI) gene of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean genetic distance within the species was 0.3%. Net genetic distances between S. koreanus and other S ebastes species ranged from 3.1% to 7.6%,which was greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the validity of S. koreanus in China at the genetic level. The origion,evolution,patterns of speciation and unique features in genome divergence among primate lineages of this species still need future directions of research.     

莱州金城水域出现国家二类保护动物——江豚

继２０００年４月２６日蓬莱水域发现１尾体长１．６ｍ国家二类保护动物江豚并当即放流之后 ,于６月９日下午在莱州湾东部金城水域的建网渔获中捕捉到１尾体长２ｍ、体重约８５ｋｇ的成年雄性个体（图１）。这是今年我国北方海域的第二次发现 ,也是莱州湾东部几十年来的第一次记录。由于现场条件较差 ,该动物暂养在当地养殖场的水泥池中 ,初始身体不断撞壁 ,后虽渐适应环境 ,能绕池游动 ,但仍于６月１０日夜间死亡。据１１日上午进行尸体解剖与鉴别 ,身体除有轻度外伤 ,内脏器官无异常 ,只是消化道检查中发现胃和肠道已无任何食饵 ,但在胃部…     

寿南小沙丁鱼鳞片表面结构及轮纹特征的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜技术对寿南小沙丁鱼鳞片形态结构及轮纹特征进行了观察。研究结果表明：寿南小沙丁鱼鳞片属圆鳞，与鲱形鳞相似。鳞片上有多少不一呈断裂状的辐射沟，环片呈山嵴状，与辐射沟基本平行，环片脊顶上有许多大小不同的卤状粒突。鳞片侧区的年轮和副轮清晰，在与年轮相交处，环片明显呈下凹弯曲，少数发生断裂。     

大头鳕和半滑舌鳎RAPD分析条件的优化

大头鳕和半滑舌鳎是我国重要的两种经济鱼类,本论文以大头鳕和半滑舌鳎基因组DNA为模板,对RAPD分析中的DNA模板浓度进行了优化,确定最适浓度。并分别筛选出20条和18条扩增结果稳定性好、多态性强的随机引物用于大头鳕以及半滑舌鳎的RAPD遗传变异分析。     

圆斑星鲽早期发育特征的研究

对星鲽胚胎发育的形态变化,仔稚鱼的变态发育,幼鱼的生长发育进行观察描述。受精卵为分离的球形浮性卵,无油球。卵径1.6~1.8mm,卵膜薄、光滑、透明,具弹性。在8~8.5℃水温条件下,经过197h的孵化过程,仔鱼可以破膜而出。初孵仔鱼通体无色透明,眼在头两侧,全长(4.45±0.15)mm,卵黄囊长(2.2±0.05)mm,体高(1.4±0.02)mm。孵出1d后,仔鱼体干和距尾部1/3身长处膜鳍逐渐生长色素,孵化6d后开口摄食,25d尾鳍骨上屈,40d左眼开始上移右转,50d开始伏底,60d的培育稚鱼左眼完全偏转体右侧,体表鳞片生成,完成变态发育成幼鱼。     

花鲈人工育苗技术的研究

利用人工培育的亲鱼所获得的受精卵 ,孵化出仔鱼 30 0万尾 ,在水温 18～ 2 0℃、微充气的培育条件下 ,使用海水小球藻、轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和不同规格的微颗粒配合饲料进行饲喂 ,经 58d培育出平均全长 2 .3cm的苗种 132万尾 ,育苗成活率高达 64.1% ,单位水体最高出苗量达 1.33万尾 / m3;另外 ,还有 1.3～ 1.9cm的苗种 68万尾