东方鲀的毒性、中毒防治与河豚毒利用的研究

本文以笔者在调研与临床实践的基础上，系统总结了东方Tun属分鱼种以至不同部位的毒性强弱，讨论了河豚毒的性质，毒力及中毒机理与防治方法，同时也对河豚毒的药用价值与利用作了较简明的介绍，最后作者尚对东方Tun属分类学，中毒防治及河豚药物开发利用研究提出了一些意义与建议。     

青岛近海寿南小沙丁鱼Sardinella zunasi Bleeker繁殖生物学的研究

通过常规生物学测定、组织切片、电镜扫描观察等手段，分析了青岛近海寿南小沙丁鱼Sardinella zunasi Bleeker的繁殖群体构成和成熟与繁殖特征，并依此对该鱼种的资源保护措施提出了建议。     

固定标本的DNA提取及PCR扩增

报道福尔马林、酒精固定的日本绒螯蟹标本的 DNA提取及 PCR扩增 ,并与冷冻、煮沸标本进行了比较。结果表明 ,福尔马林固定标本与酒精固定标本一样可以提取 DNA,加入的蛋白酶 K量越多 ,DNA的回收率越高。以提取的 DNA为模板 ,进行了线粒体 DNA12 S r RNA和 D- loop基因片段的 PCR扩增 ,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳 PCR扩增产物后均得到了与期待的碱基长度相一致的清晰谱带。     

日本绒螫蟹放流群体12S rRNA序列研究

参考果蝇与蚤状溞序列进行了日本绒螯蟹放流群体的线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因片段的引物设计、PCR扩增及序列测定,得到457bp的碱基序列,其A、T、G、C含量分别为158bp(34.57%)、178bp(38.95%)、51bp(11.16%),70bp(15.32%),与果蝇与蚤状相同基因片段序列含量相似.     

金枪鱼延绳钓鱼体保鲜技术的初步研究

本文以作者在印度洋东部热带海域金枪鱼延绳的生产实践为基础,调查考察了两种金枪鱼：大眼金枪鱼Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ ｏｂｅｓｕｓ和黄鳍金枪鱼Ｔｈｕｎｎｕｓ ａｌｂａｃａｒｅｓ的冰鲜保存过程,对影响生鲜金枪鱼品质的主要因素进行了初步分析,并据此对金枪鱼冰鲜操作的各个步骤进行了阐述和总结,提出了作者的初步建议。     

莱州湾东部金城水域发现文昌鱼幼体

文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉ属于脊索动物门 (Ｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、头索亚门(Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｃｈｏｒｄａｔａ)、文昌鱼纲(Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉ)。文昌鱼目Ａｍｐｈｉｏｘｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ计有两个科 ,即文昌鱼科Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａｔｉ ｄａｅ（仅文昌鱼Ｂｒａｎｃｈｉｏｓｔｏｍａ１属约１５种）和偏文昌鱼科Ｅｐｉｇｏｎｉｃｈｔｈｙｉｄａｅ（亦仅１属５种）。我们此次在金城水域发现的文昌鱼幼体系隶属于白氏文昌鱼的一个亚种Ｂ．ｂｅｌｃｈｅｒｉｔｓｉｎｇｔａｕｅｎｓｅＴｃｈａｎｇｅｔｋｏｏ。该亚种已记…     

Use of calcein and alizarin red S for immersion marking of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles

Black rockfi sh Sebastes schlegelii juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of calcein(CAL) solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S(ARS) solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in fi ltered seawater(salinity 30) for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fi n rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fi n rays), and fi n spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fi n spines) after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50–100 mg/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fi n spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fi n spines of fi sh immersed in 200–500 mg/L, 300–500 mg/L, and 200–500 mg/L ARS, respectively. Scales and fi n rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥200 mg/L ARS for fi n rays). The mark quality was highest(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) in fi sh immersed in 150–250 mg/L CAL or 300–500 mg/L ARS. In addition, there was no signifi cant difference in survival and growth of marked fi sh compared with controls 60 d post-marking( P 0.05).     

Ontogeny of the immune system in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus

Histogenesis of the immune system and specific activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were studied in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus from fertilization to 50 days after hatching(DAH).The pronephric tubule primordium developed in the embryo,14 h 30 min post fertilization.The spleen anlage was observed between the swim bladder and the intestine at 5 DAH,and the thymus was formed as a paired structure under the pharyngeal epithelium above the gill arch at 10 DAH.The order of the immune organs becoming lymphoid was the pronephric kidney(10 DAH),thymus(15 DAH) and spleen(21 DAH).As the embryo developed,the specific activity of SOD gradually increased until hatching,but subsequently SOD activity continuously decreased to a minimum at 14 DAH.After the spleen became lymphoid,the specific activity of SOD was relatively stable.It is suggested that the immaturity of the lymphoid organs and low specific activity of SOD was the cause of the high mortality of fingerlings 12 to 16 DAH.     

中国沿海梭鱼群体的形态学比较研究

对采自营口、东营、青岛、温州和广州近海的5个梭鱼(Liza haematocheilus)群体、164个个体进行了7个可数性状和33个可量性状的测量,并利用主成分分析、判别分析、单因子方差分析和聚类分析等方法进行了群体间形态差异比较研究。各个群体的分节特征值存在较大程度的交叉,群体间无明显差异,难以作为梭鱼群体划分的依据。对可量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前9个主成分的累积贡献率为79.6%,根据第1和第2主成分绘制的散点图显示,各群体之间有较大程度的重叠;采用对判别贡献较大的8个变量,分别构建了5个梭鱼群体的判别公式,其综合判别准确率达83.5%;在单因子方差分析中,各群体在大多数变量中都存在显著差异(P=0.05),说明梭鱼各个群体间已经出现了一定程度的形态特征差异;聚类分析结果显示,5个群体划分为2大组,但聚类的结果与地理分布不一致,这种现象可能是由梭鱼的形态差异受环境因素的影响大于受地理距离的影响所造成的。     

东营近海鲬鱼渔业生物学及资源丰度的季节变化

基于2010年春、夏、秋3个季节东营近海生物资源与环境调查资料,对东营近海鲬鱼群体渔业生物学特征及资源状况进行研究,同时分析其时空变化规律。结果表明:东营近海鲬鱼群体的优势体长组随着季节变化有所波动,优势体长组从大到小排序为春季>秋季>夏季,但是最大体长个体和最大体重个体均出现在夏季。渔获物中雌性个体数量多于雄性,夏季雌、雄比为1.25∶1,秋季雌、雄比为1.78∶1,性腺成熟度多集中在I期和II期,摄食等级以少量摄食为主,多集中于1级和2级。东营近海鲬鱼资源丰度的季节变化波动较大,且平均渔获率和平均尾数渔获率均处于较低水平,所获鲬鱼个体体长多分布在300mm以下,体重多集中于100g以下,群体呈现小型化趋势。此外,由于时空变化出现了夏季集中,春、秋季分散的规律,笔者推测东营近海鲬鱼群体可能为生殖洄游群体,东营近海存在鲬鱼的产卵场。研究结果为渤海鲬鱼资源可持续利用与保护提供了理论依据。