Extensive genetic divergence among Diptychus maculatus populations in northwest China

D. maculates is a kind of specialized Schizothoracinae fish has been locally listed as a protected animal in Xinjiang Province,China. Ili River located in north of Tianshan Mountain and Tarim River located in north of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were two main distribution areas of this fish. To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of D. maculates,four populations from Tarim River system and two populations from Ili River system were collected in this study. A 570-bp sequence of the control region was obtained for 105 specimens. Twenty-four haplotypes were detected from six populations,only Kunes River population and Kashi River population shared haplotypes with each other. For all the populations examined,the haplotype diversity(h) was 0.904 8±0.012 6,nucleotide diversity(π) was 0.027 9±0.013 9,and the average number of pairwise nucleotide differences(k) was 15.878 3±7.139 1. The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) showed that 86.31% of the total genetic variation was apportioned among populations,and the variation within sampled populations was 13.69%. Genetic differences among sampled populations were highly significant. F st statistical test indicated that all populations were significantly divergent from each other(P 0.01). The largest F st value was between Yurungkash River population and Muzat River population,while the smallest F st value was between Kunes River population and Kashi River population. NJ phylogenetic tree of D-loop haplotypes revealed two main clades. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis suggested that the fish had went through a recent population expansion. The uplift of Tianshan Mountain and movement of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau might contribute to the wide genetic divergence of D. maculates in northwest China.     

温度对刺参繁殖期消化酶和代谢酶活力的影响

为探究刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)繁殖期消化、代谢生理特点,作者以刺参亲参(240 g±15 g)为实验材料,设置了5个温度水平(6、10、14、18、21℃),研究了温度对刺参繁殖期内肠道消化酶和体壁肌肉代谢酶活力的影响。结果发现:温度对亲参繁殖期消化酶、代谢酶活力受培育水温影响显著(P0.05)。其中,胰蛋白酶与淀粉酶活力随水温升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在10℃时活力最高且达到峰值;脂肪酶活力随着养殖水温升高呈下降趋势,在6℃时活力最高。己糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶活力随水温升高出现先增高后降低的趋势,在10℃时达到峰值;而琥珀酸脱氢酶活力随温度升高呈下降趋势。研究表明,10~14℃温度下,亲参消化酶与代谢酶活力均处于较高水平,是理想的亲参室内促熟温度参数。     

不同生长环境褐牙鲆的外观性状与肌肉营养成分的比较分析

讨论了网箱养殖、工厂化养殖和野生褐牙鲆的外观差异,对比分析了不同生长环境下褐牙鲆的肌肉营养成分和营养学价值。结果显示:网箱养殖的褐牙鲆体形、体色更接近野生褐牙鲆,即有眼侧呈深褐色,无眼侧呈白色;工厂化养殖褐牙鲆有眼侧体色较暗,无眼侧有黑斑。网箱养殖褐牙鲆脂肪含量(2.5%)远低于工厂化养殖的褐牙鲆(4.2%),而接近于野生的褐牙鲆(1.4%);网箱养殖褐牙鲆水分含量比工厂化养殖的高,也更接近野生的褐牙鲆。3种生长环境的褐牙鲆,氨基酸组成是一致的,而且各项比值也都符合FAO/WHO的标准。对比分析必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)和EPA+DPA、SFA、MUFA、PUFA等指标,网箱养殖褐牙鲆均要高于工厂化养殖褐牙鲆,接近而又优于野生的褐牙鲆。在矿物质含量方面,3种生长环境下的褐牙鲆差异不明显。综合各项指标分析,在褐牙鲆的3种生长环境中,网箱养殖的褐牙鲆要优于工厂化养殖的褐牙鲆,而更接近于野生的褐牙鲆。     

Use of tetracycline hydrochloride and alizarin complexone for immersion marking black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

We tested the utility of chemical marking techniques in the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC) solutions at concentrations ranging from 300 to 500 mg/L, and alizarin complexone(ALC) solutions at concentrations ranging from 200 to 400 mg/L in filtered sea water(salinity of 30) for 24 h, respectively. Otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fin rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays), and fin spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines) were sampled and used to detect fl uorescent marks after a 60-day growth experiment. With the exception of 300 mg/L TC, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of TC and ALC. In particular, we observed clearly visible marks in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines under normal light at concentrations of 200–400 mg/L, 250–400 mg/L, and 250–400 mg/L ALC, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥350 mg/L TC, ≥250 mg/L ALC for scales and ≥350 mg/L TC, ≥300 mg/L ALC for fin rays). The best mark quality(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) were obtained following immersion in TC at between 350–500 mg/L, and ALC between 300–400 mg/L. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of TC and ALC marked fish compared to their controls up to 60 days post-marking( P 0.05).     

日本绒螯蟹放流群体的遗传变异

利用水平电泳方法研究日本绒鳌蟹放流群体（新县的三面川和岛根县的高津川的遗传变异。计检测了15种同工酶,22个位点。两河川日本绒螫蟹的多态座位比例及平均杂合度）利力0．273和0．020,0．227和0．022,与其他种群基本一致。另外,两群体其他相近两自从群体的根井遗传距离为0．001。结果表明：到目前为止,尚未见到放流群体的遗传变异的明显减少。     

基于基因组survey的横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys analis)微卫星位点筛选与特征分析

探究横带髭鲷(Hapalogenysanalis)的种质资源情况以及群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,对于其增养殖实践尤为重要。微卫星分子标记在研究物种种质情况及遗传信息方面有很大优势。采用基因组survey测序方法开发横带髭鲷微卫星位点,结果表明,横带髭鲷基因组大小为543Mb;微卫星位点丰富,共检测到280 378个完美型微卫星位点,相对丰度为415.17个/Mb。二核苷酸重复是最丰富的微卫星类型(56.05%),其次为单核苷酸(29.20%)、三核苷酸(10.28%)、四核苷酸(2.99%)、五核苷酸(1.03%)、六核苷酸(0.45%)重复,短序列重复类型占95.53%。重复单元中A/T, TG/CA为优势重复单元,分别占总微卫星位点数的22.37%和21.98%;10次重复和6次重复的微卫星位点数量最多,占横带髭鲷基因组微卫星总数的14.60%和12.46%。利用筛选出的20对多态性微卫星位点扩增一个供试群体进行群体遗传学检测。结果表明,各位点等位基因数从5到13不等,均值为8.75个;平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.808和0.863;多态信息含量(PIC)均...     

A new record of a flathead fish (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) from China based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding

A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongying, Qingdao, Zhoushan, and Beihai. Samples were identified as Platycephalus sp.1 morphologically. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements are consistent with previously published records. In brief, it is an orange-brown flathead fish with dark brown spots scattered on head and body, lateral line scales 83 to 99 with one or two spine-bearing anteriormost pored scale, no yellow blotch on the caudal fin. Cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean evolutionary distance within the species Platycephalus sp.1 was 0.1%. Net evolutionary distances between Platycephalus sp.1 and other species of Platycephalus ranged from 10.8% to 19.7%, which is much greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The COI sequence analysis strongly supports the validity of Platyceohalus sp.1 at genetic level.     

中国木叶鲽属鱼类一新纪录种

2008年8月,在浙江舟山附近海域(东海)采集到4尾木叶鲽属鱼类,经鉴定为中国鱼类新纪录种——长木叶鲽,其主要特征为:体棕褐色,有眼侧和无眼侧颞上枝前端有小分枝,鳞片小但不狭长,背鳍鳍条数72~74(73.3);臀鳍鳍条数56~59(57.5);有眼侧胸鳍鳍条数8~10(8.8),无眼侧胸鳍鳍条数为8;有眼侧与无眼侧腹鳍鳍条数均为6;尾鳍鳍条数19~20(19.5),脊椎骨数为36;鳃耙数为3+7。基于线粒体COI基因片段得到的长木叶鲽与角木叶鲽的K2P遗传距离为9.4%,2种间遗传分化达到了种间水平。     

中国木叶鲽属鱼类一新纪录种

2008年8月,在浙江舟山附近海域(东海)采集到4尾木叶鲽属鱼类,经鉴定为中国鱼类新纪录种--长木叶鲽,其主要特征为:体棕褐色,有眼侧和无眼侧颢上枝前端有小分枝,鳞片小但不狭长,背鳍鳍条数72～74(73.3);臀鳍鳍条数56～59(57.5);有眼侧胸鳍鳍条数8～10(8.8),无眼侧胸鳍鳍条数为8;有眼侧与无眼侧腹鳍鳍条数均为6;尾鳍鳍条数19～20(19.5),脊椎骨数为36;鳃耙数为3+7.基于线粒体COI基因片段得到的长木叶鲽与角木叶鲽的K2P遗传距离为9.4%,2种间遗传分化达到了种间水平.     

山东省威海市牙鲆增殖放流试验研究

根据１９９９年在山东省威海市进行的牙鲆增殖放流试验,探讨了在该地区增殖放流的可行性及剪景,并且对比了网箱养殖、池塘养殖和放流增殖三种方式的经济效益,认为该地区适宜放流增殖并有明显的经济效益,应予以推广。