新疆气候变化特征及气候分区方法研究

为了探讨考虑气候变化影响的气候区划方法,选用新疆88站年平均气温和降水量的45年(1961-2005)平均值及其均方差为气候分区的4个基本因子,以各站之间的相似系数构建模糊矩阵,进行模糊聚类分析.按不同聚类水平,区划出北疆、南疆、天山山区等气候类型,还细致刻画出干寒山区、典型风区等特殊气候类别.区划结果与天气气候特征和地理景观吻合好,在此基础上确定了新疆气候业务的3个区域及其代表站.区划结果也为其它专业区划奠定了基础.     

Oxidant-elemental sulfur as an effective promoter for transformation of organic matter to hydrocarbons at moderate-low temperatures

Elemental sulfur is widely dispersed in the hydrocarbon source rocks and its depositional environment is usually thought as a reducing environment. The presence or absence of free oxygen is a key to identify oxidizing or reducing environment. But elemental sulfur is often present as an oxidant in this environment. When elemental sulfur meets with organic matter, redox reaction will occur. In our simulation experiments at 200 -400℃ , the existence of elemental sulfur can sharply increase the amounts of hydrocarbons, hence leading to the production of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases. At the temperature of 300℃ , the addition of elemental sulfur will further enhance the relative yields of hydrocarbons,and the final yield of total extracts and gaseous hydrocarbons of similitude kerogens by more than 463% and 2760% , respectively, while those of oil shales are increased by about 71% and 2044% , respectively. But at the temperature of 450℃, elemental sulfur plays a negative role in liquid hydrocarbon formation. The presence of elemental sulfur is probably a key factor in the gypsolyte environment leading to the formation of immature or low-mature oils, as well as the coexistence of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases.     

甘肃平凉上奥陶统牙形石和笔石生物地层

在经典的平凉官庄剖面附近的一个采石场内,出露一套新鲜的奥陶纪地层。为了确定其精确层位,在灰岩和页岩层段分别密集地采集了牙形石和笔石样品并获得丰富的化石标本。鉴定结果显示,牙形石动物群存在不同生物地理区化石属种混生的现象,其中北美中大陆型的以Belodina compressa(Branson et Mehl,1933)、Erismodus typus Branson et Mehl,1933和Plectodina aculeatus(Stauffer,1930)等属种为代表,北大西洋型的以Pygodus anserinus Lamont et Lindstr9m,1957、Periodon aculeatus Hadding,1913和Protopanderodus varicostatus(Sweet et Bergstrom,1962)等属种为代表。Belodina compressa系北美中大陆生物地理区重要的且常见的带化石,在本次获得的所有牙形石属种中其指示的层位最高。据此,判定研究剖面的牙形石动物群属于Belodina compressa牙形石带。本次研究的笔石动物群以带化石...     

闽粤交界处大埕湾海域表层沉积物分布运移特征及沉积动力环境分区

大埕湾位于闽粤交界处,是典型的岬角弧形开放型海湾,本文基于实测的海流、表层沉积物数据,分析了大埕湾海域表层沉积物的分布特征,计算了再悬浮通量与输运通量,结合粒径趋势分析方法探讨了表层沉积物运移趋势,利用Flemming三角图示法对沉积动力环境进行分区并分析了泥沙输运的主要控制因素。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物有砂质粉砂、粉砂、含砾泥和泥4种类型,沉积物颗粒较细,整体以粉砂和泥为主,砂质粉砂和含砾泥呈圆斑状零星分布;粒级组分含量和粒度参数平面分布分区明显,黏土组分、分选系数和偏态值呈现“东北小西南大”的特点,粉砂组分和峰态值则表现出相反趋势。观测期间表层沉积物日再悬浮量为41.86kg/m2,日净输运通量40.36kg/m,逐时再悬浮通量值和单宽输沙率大小与潮流流速变化相关性较好,且涨潮段大于落潮段,净输沙指向涨潮方向,由西南向东北方向输沙。研究区沉积动力环境可划分为DⅡ、EⅡ和EⅢ3个分区,沉积物搬运以悬移为主,潮流和波浪是研究区泥沙起动及输运的主要动力,泥沙来源主要有近岸侵蚀供沙、东西两侧海域输沙以及少量短源季节性陆源碎屑补给3方面。