冬半年500hpa月平均格点资料与内蒙古夏季雨量的关系

本文用模糊聚类分析把全区夏季降水分成四个区域，分别计算出每区的平均降水距平百分率和覆盖率。并以500hpa相关区域高度和降水自身周期作因子，用逐步回归双重分析方法建立起8个预报方程，其历史拟合率较高且试用效果较好。     

Assimilation of Polarimetric Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar

This study explores the potential for directly assimilating polarimetric radar data (including reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve analysis and forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar (2018). Ewiniar weakened but brought about heavy rainfall over Guangdong, China after its final landfall. Two experiments are performed, one assimilating only Z and the other assimilating both Z and ZDR. Assimilation of ZDR together with Z effectively modifies hydrometeor fields, and improves the intensity, shape and position of rainbands. Forecast of 24-hour extraordinary rainfall ≥250 mm is significantly improved. Improvement can also be seen in the wind fields because of cross-variable covariance. The current study shows the possibility of applying polarimetric radar data to improve forecasting of tropical cyclones, which deserves more researches in the future.     

威海市城市垃圾填埋场选址地质环境适宜性评价

威海是"最适宜人类居住的地方",但随着城市建设的快速发展,城市垃圾产生量不断增加,垃圾填埋场选址问题亟待解决。以威海市环翠区为研究对象,综合考虑地形地貌、土地利用规划、交通、水利规划、气象、地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质等多方面因素及经济效益和环境效益,从地质环境角度出发,选取5个层次共15个评价因子,采用层次—网格法进行了垃圾填埋场选址区划分析研究,划分出垃圾可填埋区、限制填埋区、禁止填埋区。并在限制填埋区和可填埋区,进一步优选出几个垃圾填埋场地的首选场址,可供规划、设计部门参考。     

模式动力过程与物理过程耦合及其对台风预报的影响研究

中国南海台风模式是基于GRAPES的热带中尺度模式,采用半隐半拉格朗日时间差分方案,借助Helmholtz方程进行隐式求解,然后计算物理过程,并把各物理量反馈到动力预报场,实现动力过程与物理过程耦合。为了探讨耦合方案对预报精度的影响,在原方案的基础上,设计了新的技术方案,主要包括两项技术改进。其一是考虑温度、水汽的物理反馈对气压场影响,将间接导出的气压反馈值返回动力场;其二是在第一项技术改进的基础上,将物理反馈值作为模式Helmholtz方程的右端项参与隐式求解,物理反馈在动力约束条件下实现与动力过程耦合。针对新方案对台风路径预报的影响开展个例和批量试验研究。个例试验研究表明,新方案明显地提高了台风预报水平,特别是提高了移动速度的预报准确率;2013年批量试验结果分析,如文中给出的台风路径预报、等压要素预报准确率对比分析,说明新技术方案整体提高模式预报精度。     

全球气候数据集生成及气候变化应用研究

科技部在"十三五"期间部署的国家重点研发计划"全球变化及应对"专项资助了"全球气候数据集生成及气候变化关键过程和要素监测"研究项目。项目围绕由全球气候观测系统提出的基本气候变量,完善地空天基观测体系,生成中国首套以遥感数据为主体的涵盖大气、海洋和陆表长时间序列、高精度、高时空一致性的产品,即气候数据集,动态监测全球变化关键过程和要素。     

吉林省临江市小湖闪长玢岩体锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征

对小湖闪长玢岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究。结果表明,岩石年龄为211~214 Ma,加权年平均龄值为(212.8±1)Ma,表明岩浆属于晚三叠世。依据TiO_2-Zr/P_2O_5、P_2O_5-Zr及SiO_2-K_2O图解,判断岩石为高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值为1.25~1.57,为过铝质。富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Ba),相对亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、P、Ti)。高Mg~#值(51.74~52.56,平均为52.17)、Nb/Ta比值(13.52~16.00)、Rb/Sr比值(0.13~0.18)、Th/Nb比值(0.34~0.37)及Ba/La比值(12.39~15.83),显示出此岩体具有壳幔混合特点。综合前人研究成果,认为岩石形成于古亚洲洋闭合之后的造山拉张环境。     

火山岩型铀矿山环境地质调查评价方法研究

通过对典型火山岩型铀矿山及周边地区的环境地质调查及样品分析测试,厘定矿山放射性气态、液态、固态源项特征及分布,开展放射性迁移循环途径研究及矿山周边公众潜在附加剂量评价研究,初步建立放射性矿山环境地质调查评价体系。结果表明,该研究可以为查明火山岩型铀矿山开发过程中对环境介质的影响程度和范围提供方法指导。     

南海上层经向翻转环流的低频变化

The low-frequency variability of the shallow meridional overturning circulation(MOC) in the South China Sea(SCS) is investigated using a Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) product for the period of 1900–2010. A dynamical decomposition method is used in which the MOC is decomposed into the Ekman, external mode, and vertical shear components. Results show that all the three dynamical components contribute to the formation of the seasonal and annual mean shallow MOC in the SCS. The shallow MOC in the SCS consists of two cells: a clockwise cell in the south and an anticlockwise cell in the north; the former is controlled by the Ekman flow and the latter is dominated by the external barotropic flow, with the contribution of the vertical shear being to reduce the magnitude of both cells. In addition, the strength of the MOC in the south is found to have a falling trend over the past century, due mainly to a weakening of the Luzon Strait transport(LST) that reduces the transport of the external component. Further analysis suggests that the weakening of the LST is closely related to a weakening of the westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific, which leads to a southward shift of the North Equatorial Current(NEC) bifurcation and thus a stronger transport of the Kuroshio east of Luzon.     

花岗岩风化料弃土快速堆填过程中不排水抗剪强度评估

沿海沿江城市地下开挖产生的工程渣土含泥量大、含水率高且较松散,主要运往渣土场进行堆填处置。由于产量巨大而处置场地有限,许多渣土场在运营过程中存在堆填速度快、缺乏排水设施、超高超库容堆填等问题,容易引发堆填体失稳事故。目前对于非饱和工程渣土堆体在快速堆填过程中的失稳机制认识尚不清晰,尤其是对这一过程中的高饱和度工程渣土强度增长规律缺乏足够的认识。以深圳红坳渣土场填料——花岗岩风化料(CDG)填土为研究对象,对不同初始饱和度土样进行三轴不排水不排气等向压缩和剪切试验,结果表明:非饱和CDG填土不排水抗剪强度随围压增大呈非线性增长,增长速率与试样初始饱和度密切相关;当土样压缩后的饱和度超过0.7,不排水强度随围压的增长速率显著降低。基于有效固结应力法的原理,结合Hilf孔压公式和修正剑桥模型,提出了一种工程渣土不排水抗剪强度估算方法,并通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法对初始饱和度高于0.6的CDG填土的适用性。利用该方法确定的不排水强度cu与正应力σn的关系可应用于高饱和度工程渣土快速堆填中的稳定性分析。     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AN EXTREME RAINSTORM OVER THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ON 7 MAY 2017 BASED ON WRF-ENKF

An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm.