面向水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪及应用

针对多波束点云数据去噪难以保留精细特征,无法精确“锁定”河床形态问题,本文提出了一种面向自然资源确权水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪算法。以KD树搜索为基础,引入统计滤波理论进行多尺度噪声分类,并剔除大尺度噪声;针对小尺度噪声,在信息熵理论基础上,以主成分分析算法为基础,以信息熵最小原则确定最优邻域,并据此构建曲率信息熵对双边滤波因子进行优化改进,以实现水下地形点云去噪与精细特征保留的目的。试验结果表明,本文算法具有可行性,能够有效保证水下地形的精细特征,并能够应用于自然资源水流三维登记。     

Improvements in Climate Simulation with Modifications to the Tiedtke Convective Parameterization in the Grid-Point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL）

The grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） was developed in and has been evaluated since early 2004. Although the model shows its ability in simulating the global climate, it suffers from some problems in simulating precipitation in the tropics. These biases seem to result mainly from the treatment of the subgrid scale convection, which is parameterized with Tiedtke＇s massflux scheme （or the Zhang-McFarlane scheme, as an option） in the model. In order to reduce the systematic biases, several modifications were made to the Tiedtke scheme used in GAMIL, including （1） an increase in lateral convective entrainment/detrainment rate for shallow convection, （2） inclusion of a relative humidity threshold for the triggering of deep convection, and （3） a reduced efficiency for the conversion of cloud water to rainwater in the convection scheme.
Two experiments, one with the original Tiedtke scheme used in GAMIL and the other with the modified scheme, were conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified scheme in this study. The results show that both the climatological mean state, such as precipitation, temperature and specific humidity, and interannual variability in the model simulation are improved with the use of this modified scheme. Results from several additional experiments show that the improvements in the model performance in different regions mainly result from either the introduction of the relative humidity threshold for triggering of the deep convection or the suppressed shallow convection due to enhanced lateral convective entrainment/detrainment rates.     

Improvements of a dynamic global vegetation model and simulations of carbon and water at an upland-oak forest

The interest in the development and improvement of dynamic global vegetation models （DGVMs）, which have the potential to simulate fluxes of carbon, water and nitrogen, along with changes in the vegetation dynamics, within an integrated system, has been increasing. In this paper, some numerical schemes and a higher resolution soil texture dataset were employed to improve the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model （SDGVM）. Using eddy covariance-based measurements, we then tested the standard version of the SDGVM and the modified version of the SDGVM. Detailed observations of daily carbon and water fluxes made at the upland oak forest on the Walker Branch Watershed in Tennessee, USA offered a unique opportunity for these comparisons. The results revealed that the modified version of the SDGVM did a reasonable job of simulating the carbon and water flux and the variation of soil water content （SWC）. However, at the end of the growing season, it failed to simulate the effect of the limitations on the soil respiration dynamics and as a result underestimated this respiration. It was also noted that the modified version overestimated the increase in the SWC following summer rainfall, which was attributed to an inadequate representation of the ground water and thermal cycle.     

兼顾连通性的U-Net网络高分辨率遥感影像道路提取

遥感影像道路提取结果中的断线一方面降低了提取精度,另一方面影响了道路形态完整性,使得提取结果不能直接应用于空间决策与分析。本文基于U-Net网络在高分辨率遥感影像道路提取时全局特征表达的优势,提出一种兼顾连通性的道路断线修复方法完善U-Net网络局部特征表达的劣势。首先,利用数据增强和扩充数据量后的样本数据作为U-Net网络的输入以此训练模型并进行最优模型的道路提取;然后,对提取结果中出现的道路断线以三次多项式曲线拟合的形式进行优化处理。实验表明,与相近网络比较,本文道路提取的精度和形态完整性有了明显的提高,查准率为86.25%,查全率为85.50%,F1-score达到了85.87%。其成果数据能直接地应用于地理决策分析,特别有利于灾后的路径规划,本文提出的方法对道路、电网、轨道、河流等线性地物分类结果中出现类似断线问题具有一定的参考意义。     

华南休闲海滩沙坝触发的裂流风险及特征研究

为应对频发的致命性海滩溺水事故,自然资源部开展了我国首次滨海旅游区裂流灾害技术调查,在华南地区发现大量滨海休闲海滩存在浅滩沙坝和裂流现象。作为全国调查的部分成果,本文应用多种方法研究了广东省3个热门海滩沙坝触发的裂流机理、特征和演变规律。地形动力计算和卫星影像显示了沙坝形态、岸线形状以及裂流的高度动态性,尤其在青澳湾裂流呈现非常规的反季节变化,冬季风险较高而夏季风险较低。在相位解析水动力数值模拟中,裂流表现出对沙坝形态、浪高、浪向的高度敏感性。沙坝间较宽间隙会产生尺寸较大的裂流区,但比起窄沟槽不一定伴随更强的流速。当大部分水流集中从邻近的较宽通道回流入海时,部分窄沟槽几乎没有裂流产生。裂流流速与浪高成正比与入射角成反比。数值模拟结果表明,当入射角达到10°～30°时,沿岸流会取代离岸流占主导地位。现场调查也验证了在低潮时,较浅的水深会放大水流和波浪的地形效应,导致裂流风险加剧。本文研究结果可为滨海旅游区裂流灾害的工程减缓措施和公共警示提供有益参考。未来将会持续开展针对特定岸线的长期观测,以为裂流预警报和风险管控积累足够的统计数据。     

渤海沉积物中细菌群落结构和基因丰度的空间分布特征

This study investigated differences in the community structure and environmental responses of the bacterial community in sediments of the Bohai Sea.Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR were used to assay the bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the surface sediments of 13 sampling stations in the Bohai Sea.The results showed that sediments at the majority of the 13 sampling stations were contaminated by heavy metal mercury.The main phyla of bacteria recorded included Proteobacteria(52.92%),Bacteroidetes(11.76%),Planctomycetes(7.39%),Acidobacteria(6.53%)and Chloroflexi(4.97%).The genus with the highest relative abundance was Desulfobulbus(4.99%),which was the dominant genus at most sampling stations,followed by Lutimonas and Halioglobus.The main factors influencing bacterial community structure were total organic carbon,followed by depth and total phosphorus.The content of lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc had a consistent effect on community structure.Arsenic showed a negative correlation with bacterial community structure in most samples,while the impact of mercury on community structure was not significant.The bacterial community in sediment samples from the Bohai Sea was rich in diversity and displayed an increase in diversity from high to low latitudes.The data indicated that the Bohai Sea had abundant microbial resources and was rich in bacteria with the potential to metabolize many types of pollutants.     

海浪引起的地磁场波动的观测与初步分析

近岸海浪是影响近岸水域环境状态的重要环节.海洋近岸波的波动性质和变化规律的研究对于海岸防护、近岸航运、军事活动等具有重要意义.感应磁场波动可为探测海洋近岸波的非线性过程提供一种有效手段.本文首次对海洋近岸波引起的感应磁场进行了频谱指数分析,获得了能量注入和耗散过程对应的谱段.2016年5月15日—6月30日在昌黎海岸(东经119.3,北纬39.7°)利用KDM-2型磁通门磁力仪对海洋近岸波引起的磁场变化进行了测量,数据分辨率为0.01 nT/(HZ)~(1/2),时间采样率为1 Hz和128 Hz.观测数据显示,在距海岸线2 m远处,清晰地观测到了海洋近岸波引起的磁场波动,在0.001~10.0 Hz频段的波动最大振幅约为1 nT.波动的小波频谱呈现出多次谐波结构,符合海洋近岸波的谐波特征.傅里叶频谱显示不同频段谱的斜率不同,反映了海洋近岸波发展与耗散的非线性物理过程,进一步开展长期观测和统计分析有助于深入了解海洋中的电动力学过程.     

考虑材料损伤累积的型钢高强混凝土框架节点数值建模及参数分析

为研究地震作用下损伤累积对型钢高强混凝土框架节点抗震性能的影响,基于5榀型钢高强混凝土框架节点低周反复加载试验结果,分析节点构件损伤累积过程及其对刚度和强度的影响。从材料自身损伤入手,通过引入刚度影响系数考虑循环荷载作用下混凝土的单边效应,对Faria-Oliver本构模型进行改进,进而建立适应于型钢混凝土结构的材料损伤累积本构模型。同时基于该模型采用ANSYS分析软件对地震作用下的型钢高强混凝土框架节点进行数值分析,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:采用本文建立的材料损伤累积本构模型能较好地反映地震作用下型钢高强混凝土框架节点的损伤特性。在此基础上,进一步分析构件轴压比、配箍率、配钢率等设计参数对型钢高强混凝土框架节点抗震性能的影响。研究成果可为该类结构构件的抗震设计提供理论和技术支撑。     

东昆仑五龙沟金矿田平台岩体岩相学、年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

东昆仑五龙沟金矿田东南部出露中三叠世侵入体——平台岩体,为探究古特提斯洋俯冲演化过程提供了新的线索。对平台岩体内的花岗闪长岩开展了详细的岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Hf同位素研究。结果表明：平台岩体内的花岗闪长岩主要由斜长石(体积分数为45%～50%)、石英(20%～25%)、钾长石(20%～25%)、角闪石(5%)、黑云母(5%)组成;花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(247±1)Ma,侵位于中三叠世;主量元素特征显示SiO₂含量(质量分数)为64.88%～65.90%, FeO^T/MgO平均值为3.70,Fe₂O₃/FeO平均值为1.48,锆石饱和温度平均值为770℃,因此,花岗闪长岩属于I型花岗岩;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式表现为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特征,并具有弱负Eu异常;原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图具有富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta等)的特征;花岗闪长岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-4....     

应用GNSS在线服务系统提升基准站建设质量

在GNSS连续运行基准站建设时,在基准站选址阶段均要对基准站观测环境进行测试。目前,对测试数据进行质量分析时通常采用TEQC软件,但采用TEQC软件主要获得的是点位环境的质量指标,无法确定网解时点位的可靠性与精度。为进一步提升基准站建设质量,提出利用高精度GNSS在线服务系统与TEQC软件相结合的基准站数据质量控制方法,并以某区域CORS站测试数据为例,验证该方法较传统方法的优势与可行性,为GNSS基准站的选址与质量控制提供切实可行的解决方案。