海洋浮游植物的生物富集热力学模型——对疏水性污染有机物生物富集双箱热力学模型

依据疏水性有机物（ＨＯＣ）在有机相／水相之间简单物理化学分配的基本原理,提出了浮游植物对ＨＯＣ生物富集双箱热力学模型。得出浮游植物对ＨＯＣ的生物富集因子ＢＣＦ与浮游植物比表面积Ｓ,有机物正辛醇／水分配系数ｋｏｗ,有机物在水中浓度Ｃｗ之间皆存在ｌｏｇ－ｌｏｇ相关性的结论,并且由海洋浮游植物对氯代苯的生物富集实验结果验证了该模型。     

东海赤潮高发区营养盐时空分布特征及其控制要素

东海长江口、舟山渔场附近海域是我国近海赤潮爆发严重的区域之一。在影响该海域营养盐分布的水团中 ,长江冲淡水向表层输入了大量的氮、磷、硅营养盐 ,台湾暖流主要对底层和长江口外上升流区有贡献 ,苏北沿岸水、闽浙沿岸水主要影响近岸区域。同时 ,营养盐在海水 -沉积物界面的交换作用 ,大气湿沉降作用等也影响着该海域营养盐的时空分布。结合2002年4月～2003年3月对29°00′～32°00′N、122°00′～124°00′E海域四季航次调查的营养盐分布规律 ,该海域可分为三片区域 ,由岸边向外海分别为高营养盐、低浮游植物区 ,较高营养盐、高浮游植物区和较低营养盐、低浮游植物区。随着近年来营养盐输入通量的增加 ,富营养化程度加大 ,受化学、物理、生物等因素综合作用 ,高浮游植物区赤潮爆发频率和规模逐年增加 ,已为中国近海典型的赤潮高发区     

海洋浮游植物三维荧光光谱的逐层分类方法研究

提出活体海洋浮游植物三维荧光光谱逐层分类法,将浮游植物区分为不同的"光谱类别"。选取中国近海常见的26种分属于甲藻、硅藻、黄藻、金藻、隐藻、绿藻、蓝藻的浮游植物,在室温20℃和3个光照条件下培养,在第3,6,9,12,15天测其三维荧光光谱。采用主成份分析结合非负最小二乘回归法(NNLSR),以浮游植物叶绿素a的发射峰680nm所对应的激发光谱作为第一特征谱以区分门类,以EX730谱作为硅藻的逐层分类的第二特征谱,SY350谱作为甲藻的第二特征谱,将实验所用9种硅藻和8种甲藻各划分为3个光谱类别;分析405个浮游植物混合物,门类识别正确率大于94%,光谱类别的识别正确率为75%,该方法可用于海洋浮游植物种群结构变化的快速宏观监测。     

Environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand in the Bohai Sea: modeling and calculation

A three-dimensional advection-diffusion model coupled with the degradation process is established for describing the transport of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Comparison of the simulated distribution of COD at the surface in the Bohai Sea in August, 2001 with field observations, shows that the model simulates the dataset reasonably well. The Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay, and Liaodong Bay were contaminated heavily near shore. Based on the optimal discharge flux method, the Environmental Capacity (EC) and allocate...     

Pollution Condition of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutant and Estimation of Its Environmental Capacities in Summer in the Bohai Sea

The zones around the Bohai Sea are the most developed area in north China [1]. With the development of economy and increasing of population, the marine environment quality has become worse and worse in Bohai Sea, especially in the coastal regions of Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and Laizhou Bay [1]. As reported, the petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) contamination in the Bohai Sea was mainly due to the discharge of oily wastewater from inland [1]. There were about 8 734 392.3 104 t water input in the …     

THE SURFACE REACTION ON LIQUID-SOLID INTERFACE OF“AMINO ACID-Cu(II)-MnO_2”SYSTEM IN SEA WATER

The results obtained from the Cu(Ⅱ)%-pH curve of the system in the presence of added amino acid indicated that the added amino acids of higher concentration can inhibit the Cu(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO2 ion exchange and that their inhibiting effects decrease in the following sequence when the initial amino acid concentrations are 20.00 ppm: histidine > cystine > glutamic acid > proline > alanine > glycine. The determination of amino acid in solution performed with an amino acid analyser showed that added amino acids react chemically on the surface of the δ-MnO2 According to thermodynamic equilibria relations in the system, amino acids can be changed to amines because of their decarboxylation on the surface of the δ-MnO2. Considering (1) the effect-inhibiting factor of amine F (β, Ka, pH) representing the complex potential of amine with Cu(Ⅱ) insolution and (2) the acidic constant of - NH3+ group in the amine molecule representing the ability of cation exchange of the amine with δ-MnO2, the inhibiting seqence of     

脂类生物标志物在海洋环境中的应用与研究进展

海洋沉积物中的脂类生物标志物可以提供丰富的信息,包括有机物质源,沉积过程的古环境条件等。由于脂类生物标志物提供的信息准确、稳定,成为研究海洋环境的有力工具。本文介绍了其在古气候效应、河口系统的有机物质检测、降解以及污染物溯源的研究应用进展。     

石油烃污染物存在下旋链角毛藻生长的粒度效应初步研究

研究了在石油烃存在下旋链角毛藻的最大生长速率 ,探讨了石油烃对细胞粒度的影响 ,并在此基础上讨论了细胞生长的粒径效应。结果表明 ,石油烃的存在促进旋链角毛藻的生长 ,促进作用随石油烃浓度的增加先增加后降低 ,添加0 .5mg·dm-3 石油烃的实验组促进作用最大 ;石油烃不改变细胞生长过程中的粒径分布形态 ,粒径分布呈现Gauss分布 ,中值等效球径为 3 .5 4～ 4.42 μm ;μmax与MESDμ 之间存在“U”形曲线的关系 ,即当MESDμ<4.0 9μm时 ,μmax随MESDμ 的增加而降低 ,符合“表面积规则” ,而当MESDμ>4.0 9μm时 ,μmax随MESDμ 的增加 ,偏离了“表面积规则”。     

沉积物离子交换法直接测定黄河口水体中溶解有机物的络合容量

本文提出用黄河口沉积物为固体交换剂直接测定黄河口水体中溶解有机物的络合容量的一种新方法,其特点为:(1)不必假设“有机配位体和金属有机络合物与固体粒子不发生交换(或吸附)”;(2)运用普遍的吸附(交换)等温式;(3)在pH7—8范围内,δ-MnO_2的交换率(E%)高达近100,不能测得正常形式的等温线,无典型意义,而采用黄河口沉积物则无此缺点。