Defence force activities in marine protected areas:environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area,Queensland,Australia

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.     

Defence force activities in marine protected areas: environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Queensland, Australia

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.     

实现我国海洋管理工作的和谐发展——海洋管理中经济基础与上层建筑

从经济基础与上层建筑这个独特的视角来审视海洋管理,简要分析了二者之间的关系及相互作用,并结合海洋管理各要素,分别剖析了属于海洋管理基础领域和上层建筑的部分,从海洋资源、法律、海洋技术、综合管理等方面用具体事例透析经济基础与上层建筑的哲理和内涵在海洋管理中的体现,找出海洋管理工作存在的问题和矛盾,并提出解决措施,从而实现海洋管理的各种基础与上层建筑的对立统一与和谐发展,促进海洋事业的进步.     

河口海岸数字孪生建设与挑战（特邀）

河口海岸是人类生存的重要空间和经济发展的关键区域。然而,在气候变化和人类活动的双重压力下,河口海岸面临环境恶化、湿地生态受损和灾害风险增加等多重问题。为保障河口海岸可持续发展,本文以数字孪生概念为基础,结合河口海岸多圈层多界面的系统特征,提出了一个综合河口海岸立体监测和数据聚融、多过程耦合模型系统、数字孪生体和智能服务平台等关键要素的河口海岸数字孪生系统。此外,本文还详细介绍了构建河口海岸数字孪生系统所需的核心技术,涵盖监测物联网、模型耦合、大数据管理和智能分析,以及知识图谱等。尽管面临多学科全要素综合监测、人地海耦合模拟、跨领域跨行业协同、信息安全保障和服务标准制定等多重挑战,河口海岸数字孪生具有逼近真实、系统关联和提供智能服务等特点,能够提供监测、预报、预警、预演和预案等智能服务。这将有助于提高我们对河口海岸复杂系统演变、预测和应对的研究和应用能力,推动河口海岸学科群的发展,提升风险管理和综合治理水平,为河口海岸可持续发展提供强有力的支持。