支持向量机方法在南京太阳总辐射推算中的应用

利用1981、1996和2001年逐日南京站太阳总辐射和日照时数观测资料,建立了基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)方法的太阳总辐射推算模型,预测了1982、1997和2002年的太阳总辐射,并把推算结果和采用线性的气候学方法所得到的推算结果分别与实测值进行对比。采用线性方法得到的1982、1997和2002年的太阳总辐射预测值与实测值间基于1:1线的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.800、0.859和0.838,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为3.250、2.649和2.925 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。采用SVM方法得到的1982、1997和2002年的R~2分别为0.894、0.938和0.936,RMSE分别为2.353、1.726和1.804 MJ·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。SVM方法得到的太阳总辐射预测值与实测值之间的误差较小,预测精度高于线性方法,更适用于实际太阳总辐射的计算。     

基于改性糯米灰浆的3种锚杆锚固性能对比研究

锚固浆液的类型及其与杆体、土体的兼容协调性问题是土遗址锚固领域的研究焦点。由糯米浆为胶凝主材和由黏土、粉煤灰为填充料组成的改性糯米灰浆与木锚杆、玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆、钢筋锚杆组成了3种锚固系统。通过对3种锚固系统的原位锚固、拉拔试验和界面应力-应变监测,分析比较了3种锚固系统的破坏模式、极限荷载、荷载-位移特征,剖析了杆体-浆体界面应力分布传递规律和界面测点应变对荷载时步的响应程度。在初步分析其锚固机制的基础上,最终得出了此类基于改性糯米灰浆的3种锚固系统的锚固性能的优劣完全取决于杆体-浆体的受力机制、变形和强度特征所决定的力学兼容性的结论。该研究成果为以糯米浆为主材的改性浆液在土遗址锚固领域中的应用提供了依据和参考。     

煤田火区碳排放量计算模型和关键参数研究

完善碳排放清单,是进行减排工作的基础,为了查明煤田火区对大气碳排放的贡献量,以煤氧复合作用学说为理论基础,从不同的研究思路出发,提出了烧失煤量法和排放通量法两种火区碳排放量计算模型。在明确模型中关键参数“释放因子”“排放系数α”“排放通量”“排放系数β”的具体含义的基础上,重点对各参数所对应的获取途径进行了研究论述：(1)释放因子通过在室内进行煤自燃模拟实验得出;(2)排放系数α通过煤岩吸附实验结合火区实地勘测得出;(3)排放通量通过对火区现场煤自燃气体排放及环境因素的实时监测得出;(4)排放系数β通过对遥感图像裂隙信息的提取得到。上述两种计算模型在我国乌达实验区进行了实际应用,并对其可实现性进行了检验。     

基于稳定性同位素的普里兹湾南极大磷虾不同发育阶段食性转变分析

As one of the most common and dominant species in the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)play a significant role in food web structure and the process of energy flow. The diet of Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay during austral summer of 2012/2013 was investigated and the ontogenetic shift in krill diet was evaluated using the stable isotope method. The nitrogen stable isotope values(δ~(15) N) of adults((2.78±0.58)‰) were much higher than those of juveniles((1.69±0.70)‰), whereas the carbon stable isotope values(δ~(13) C) of adults(–(28.26±1.08)‰) were slightly lower than those of juveniles(–(27.48±1.35)‰). Particulate organic matter(POM)from 0, 25, and 50 m depth combined(0/25/50 m) represented phytoplankton food items. The results showed that phytoplankton food items in surface water and mesozooplankton were two essential food items for Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay during summer. POM(0/25/50 m) contributes 56%–69% and 26%–34% to the diet of juvenile and adult krill, respectively, whereas mesozooplankton composes 13%–34% and 58%–71% of the diet of juvenile and adult krill, respectively. Thus, an ontogenetic diet shift from POM(0/25/50 m), which consists mainly of phytoplankton, to a higher trophic level diet containing mesozooplankton, was detected. The capacity for adults to consume more zooplankton food items may minimize their food competition with juveniles, which rely mostly on phytoplankton food items. This suggests "diet shift with ontogeny" which may somehow help krill keep their dietary energy budget balanced and well adapted to the Antarctic marine ecosystem as a dominant species.     

老平台新增井槽技术的应用与发展

老油田的二次开发难度较大,为充分利用老平台设备资源,解决现有海上平台存在的预留井槽不足的问题,曾提出并成功应用了内挂、外挂、新增桩腿外挂等增加井槽的方式,但井槽增加的方位和数量受到限制。结合两平台短距离连接和修井机双向滑移避让钻井船技术,提出了新的修井机共用方式。通过采用双向滑轨实现了修井机在新建平台和老平台间的往复滑移。此技术节约了开发投资,为今后类似项目提供参考和借鉴。     

土遗址顶部风化层加固试验研究

中国西北气候干旱,自然环境恶劣,表层严重风化使该地区土遗址逐渐消失殆尽。基于此,本文以糯米浆和SH作为注浆浆材在现场加固土遗址顶部薄弱风化层,通过微型贯入仪、红外热成像仪、声波仪等仪器及模拟雨淋试验检测加固后的力学强度特征及耐久性能。并在室内制作重塑样测量单轴抗压强度、波速、崩解速率与现场实验结果对比。结果表明,SH加固后的土遗址表面抗压强度、抗水侵蚀能力均优于糯米浆的加固效果。当注浆孔径为25mm时,各浓度浆液渗透半径最大。用2%SH浆液加固后,抗压强度提高了2.6倍,抗崩解能力提高了1.63倍,因此2%SH浆液可以作为防风化加固材料最佳选择。     

Distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps during austral summers in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

The distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps was studied from samples collected in 2002 and 2006 from Prydz Bay, Antarctica.Larvae of Thysanoessa macrura and Euphausia superba were mainly distributed in the north of the continental shelf. T. macrura was more abundant and had a relatively wider distribution. In 2006, with ice having retreated and higher seawater temperatures and chlorophyll a levels, E. superba and T. macrura occurred in higher abundances and at more mature developmental stages. Euphausia crystallorophias was mainly distributed in the neritic region. In 2002, with severe ice conditions in the neritic region, abundance of E. crystallorophias was consisted of metanauplius (MN) and calyptopis I (CI). Salps, mostly Salpa thompsoni, had a low abundance in Prydz Bay. In 2002, S. thompsoni was only m)-3. In 2006, S. thompsoni was found at three stations located near the contimental factors, such as the timing of ice melt, polynya formation and food concentration appear to have a marked effect on the distribution and abundance of euphausiid larvae and salps.     

二六五大队国亿生物科技公司生产经营快速增长

面对国际金融危机造成的出口市场萎缩的局面,二六五大队国亿生物科技有限公司不畏挑战,迎难而上,千方百计保证出口。继续挖掘市场潜力,加大国内市场开拓力度,而且紧紧围绕新的消费需求,调整产品结构及研发方向．着力形成新的经营亮点。同时。苦练内功,完善内部机制,高度重视队伍稳定和民生建设,夯实企业平稳较快增长的基础,实现了逆势增长。截止三月底,该公司完成产值、销售收入、增加值、利润分别较去年同期增长78．96％、48．64％、175．96％和1126．66％。     

“数字测图原理与方法”卓越课程改革与实践

围绕"数字测图原理与方法"本科卓越课程建设,针对课程教学改革、课程实施方案和教学质量评价等方面进行介绍和讨论,对本科卓越课程建设中所涉及的教学理念、教学思路、教学方法和综合实践能力培养进行有益的探讨与实践。     

四川汶川地震断裂带科学钻探2号孔（WFSD-2）岩性特征和断裂带的结构

以WFSD-2钻孔岩心为研究对象,通过详细的岩心编录和岩石学、构造地质学等研究,识别出该钻孔岩心具有6段岩性,从上向下依次为彭灌杂岩（0-599.31m）、三叠系须家河组二段（599.31-1211.49m）、彭灌杂岩（1211.49-1679.51m）、三叠系须家河组三段（1679.51-1715.48m）、彭灌杂岩（1715.48-2081.47m）、三叠系须家河组四段（2081.47-2283.56m）。彭灌杂岩主要以花岗岩和火山岩为主,三叠系须家河组沉积岩以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩、煤层（线）和砾岩为主。3套彭灌杂岩与三叠系须家河组沉积岩重复出现,时代较老的岩性段逆冲覆盖在新的地层之上,表明龙门山构造带由一系列逆冲岩片叠置而成。岩心中断裂岩较为发育,主要为断层角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥,反映出脆性变形作用的特点。通过对断裂岩的统计分析,厘定了20余条产状不同、规模不等的次级断裂带,断裂带宽度和断裂密度峰值显示FZ600、FZ720、FZ782、FZ817、FZ922、FZ951、FZ1449、FZ1681、FZ2082为主要断裂带,其中FZ1681系规模最大的一条断裂。依据断裂岩的组合特征可以将岩心中断裂带的结构以断层泥为核部划分为两大类：对称型断裂带和不对称型断裂带。根据地表破裂带、WFSD-1钻孔岩心中主滑移带位置的几何关系、岩性分层等因素,可推断汶川地震主滑移带应位于FZ1134、FZ1449或FZ1681之中,同时也暗示该地区经常发生类似汶川地震的大地震活动。研究表明,龙门山地区经历了强烈的构造缩短和快速隆升作用,暗示龙门山地区构造活动非常强烈。