季节冻土区黄土路基水分与温度变化规律研究

为研究季节冻土区压实黄土路基变形的影响因素,通过现场监测得到路基水分场与温度场的变化规律,并结合室内试验与数值模拟分析路基变形规律. 结果表明,天然地面以上路堤土体具有明显的季节性,水分场及温度场变化剧烈,而天然地面以下土体温度场及水分场变化较平缓,季节性不强. 路堤最大冻深约1 m,经历强烈的冻融循环和干湿交替过程,含水率变化量为5%~29%. 冻融循环作用在路肩处产生的变形较大,而干湿循环作用在路基中心处产生的变形较大,且后者引起的变形大于前者.     

硫酸钠盐渍土未冻水含量的实验研究

土体中的未冻水含量影响冻土的物理力学性质,也是评价冻土中水分迁移的重要指标.利用核磁共振技术对含有不同浓度硫酸钠溶液的兰州黄土的未冻水含量进行测试,并分析了温度、含盐量对未冻水含量的影响.同时,测试了不同含盐量下黄土的液塑限及液塑限含水率下土体的冻结温度,计算了不同含盐量下的未冻水含量并与实测值进行比较,给出了不同含盐量下幂函数方程w_u=at^-b中的参数值.在此基础上,分析了-5、-10、-15和-20℃条件下未冻水含量随含盐量的变化规律,建立了4个温度下不同含盐量区间的未冻水-含盐量拟合公式.     

冻融循环对多年冻土区石油迁移影响试验研究

多年冻土区石油污染物迁移过程和特点、污染定量评价、防治和治理措施研发,都是目前寒区经济发展和能源开发迫切需要解决的重要课题.通过室内试验对土体温度场分布、水分分布和石油总量分布的监测分析,研究了冻融循环作用对迁移过程的影响机制.试验结果表明,冻融循环作用通过影响石油污染物本身的物理性质、土颗粒对石油污染物的吸附作用和土体内水相的分布和相状态,影响了石油污染物的迁移过程.原油黏度随温度的降低逐渐增加,使得原油在土体中的迁移能力降低.冻融循环是油水迁移的主要驱动力之一,随着冻融循环的增加,石油污染物和水分向上迁移并聚集,石油随土样高度增加逐渐减小,而水分随高度增加而增加且在一定的位置聚集.研究成果可为多年冻土区石油污染迁移过程和定量评价及防治治理提供重要基础和参考.     

高温冻土区新型复合护坡降温机制研究

遮阳板碎石复合护坡是一种集碎石护坡和遮阳板护坡双重效用于一体的新型复合护坡结构,是一种很好的治理高温冻土区块碎石护坡路基病害的补强措施。基于遮阳板和块碎石单个工程措施降温机制的研究,通过对这种新型复合护坡路基的温度场和速度场特征以及降温过程的研究,提出新型复合护坡路基的降温机制。研究发现,封闭新型复合护坡的主要降温机制是：复合护坡中遮阳板有遮阳和挡风雪作用,碎石层有“热半导体”效应和“热屏蔽效应”（屏蔽遮阳板的二次辐射）;开放新型复合护坡的主要降温机制是：遮阳板有遮阳、挡风雪作用,碎石护坡有 “热屏蔽效应”（屏蔽热风和二次辐射）和“烟囱效应”,遮阳板和碎石护坡组合的通道有“虹吸效应”、“狭管效应”和 “烟囱效应”。研究成果完善和深化了新型复合护坡路基研究基础,而且对遮阳板和块碎石结构在青藏铁路或青藏公路中的应用提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

多年冻土区铁路路基热状况对工程扰动及气候变化的响应

基于青藏铁路沿线长期地温监测资料,对天然场地及铁路路基下部的浅层地温、多年冻土上限及下伏冻土地温动态变化过程进行对比分析,研究多年冻土区铁路路基热状况对于工程扰动及气候变化的响应过程.监测结果表明,路基修筑后边坡热效应显著,由此导致路基下部多年冻土热状况的不对称分布,必须引起足够的重视.块石路基修筑后,下部多年冻土上限抬升显著,其中阴坡路肩下抬升幅度普遍较阳坡路肩下显著.普通路基修筑后,在年平均地温低于?0.6～?0.7℃的地区下部多年冻土上限有不同程度的抬升,而在年平均地温高于?0.6℃的地区下部冻土上限则出现了一定程度的下降,其中阳坡路肩下降幅显著.受块石层冷却降温作用,低温冻土区块石路基下部浅层冻土地温有明显降温过程,而在高温冻土区这一降温趋势只存在于阴坡路肩下.对于普通路基,多年冻土上限抬升后,浅层冻土地温存在一定的升温过程.对于气候变暖,低温冻土区多年冻土的响应主要集中体现在冻土升温上,而高温冻土区多年冻土的响应则主要表现为冻土上限下降,冻土厚度减小.基于上述监测结果,可将目前青藏铁路路基热状况分为稳定型(低温冻土区块石路基)、亚稳定型(低温冻土区普通路基及高温冻土区块石路基)和不稳定型(高温冻土区普通路基).     

Analysis on spatial distribution and correlation of pavement distress along the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway北大核心CSCD

The Xinjiang-Tibet Highway（XTH）is a transportation corridor of manpower and supplies from inland regions to Tibet. The XTH has the highest altitude in China,which also has complex geological conditions and high distress ratio. The pavement distress was investigated completely to analyze the spatial distribution of pavement distress along the XTH and reveal the relationship among different types of distress. The distress ratio of 7 types of pavement distress was obtained and the relationship of pavement distress and ground surface temperature,altitude and vegetation cover was quantitatively fitted along the XTH. The result shows that,distress occurrence ratio of racking is has the largest percentage,which is the main reason to reduce the road condition. Pavement distress has a positive correlation and interaction with each other. One type of distress appears with the formation and development of other types of distress. The pavement cracking of the roadway with high altitude was obviously influenced by solar radiation and freeze-thaw cycle,which has a larger occurrence scale and development ratio than other regions. This paper reveals the relationship of each pavement distress and environmental factors,and provides a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the operation,maintenance and distress treatment of the XTH and planning Xingjiang-Tibet transportation corridor. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

2017 - 2018年冬季乌梁素海湖冰表面裂缝形态分析

在2017 - 2018年冬季使用无人机对乌梁素海湖冰的冰面裂缝进行了航拍, 采用改进的自适应阈值分割方法进行图像二值化处理, 提取了冰裂缝的密度和分形维数。分析结果显示： 在固定区域的冰裂缝分形维数在1.35 ~ 1.50间变化, 冰裂缝数量随时间增加, 其分形维数也随之线性增大; 在冰生长期间, 冰厚度与冰裂缝分形维数也呈现出明显的线性关系（相关系数R²=0.75）。冰面不同区域的冰裂缝密度和分形维数在0.017 ~ 0.079、 1.38 ~ 1.64间变化, 且两者之间存在显著的对数相关性（相关系数R²>0.96）, 不同日期航拍数据拟合结果近似相等, 说明冰裂缝密度越大, 对应的分形维数越大。作为表征冰面形态特征的一种物理指标, 建立得到的冰裂缝分形维数与冰厚、 裂缝密度的相关关系, 对未来利用冰面裂缝形态监测冰层的生消过程可提供科学的参考。     

青藏铁路可调式通风管路基的数值仿真分析

Finite Element Method has been used to operate the numerical analysis and comparison between the traditional ventilated embankment and the adjustable ventilated embankment adopted in Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction. The numerical results show that: 1) The adjustable ventilated embankments can prevent the thermal entry from air into ducts during summer from thawing the permafrost beneath the embankments; 2) The cooling effects of the adjustable ventilated embankments on permafrost is much better than the traditional ventilated embankments although two kinds of embankments can generate the thawing bulbs at the beginning of finishing construction; 3) The drop of the mean temperature of permafrost under the adjustable ventilated embankments keeps faster than that of the mean temperature of permafrost under the traditional ventilated embankments. It is clear that the adjustable ventilated embankments can keep the embankment more stable than the traditional ventilated embankments.     

青藏铁路通风路基边界条件研究

In permafrost regions, many methods about active cooling embankment are put forward, one of these representations is ventilated embankment, its cooling effect is the result of the air convection in the duct, and this leads to reducing the annual average ground temperature. The present work in this article is to determine the boundary conditions of the ventilated embankment and natural ground in numerical work. There are several effects which influence boundary conditions, they are: radiation, evaporation,phase change, convection and embankment material etc. Radiation and convection are the main effects in those. We mainly consider sun radiation in this article. The added-surface effect in ventilated embankment lowers its temperature, so the temperature on the wall of the ventilated embankment is different from the temperature in atmosphere. There are two methods in determining the surface temperature, experimental method and experiential method. Detailed research is discussed in the article.     

寒区输油管道基于应变设计的极限状态研究

寒区输油管线沿线地质环境复杂,滑坡、冻胀、融沉等自然灾害会导致管道形成大差异变形量.而差异变形量所引起的应力应变行为直接影响管道的安全服役性能,严重时会使管道破坏失效.基于寒区输油管道在实际服役工况下的受力变形条件,充分考虑冻胀效应、油压效应和热应力效应对输油管道的影响,分析了不同长度、壁厚、油压条件下轴向拉伸应变的分布规律及其影响因素.基于轴向应变设计理论准则,建立了上述条件下输油管道的极限服役状态,得到了对应状态下输油管道的许应最大极限冻胀变形量.结果分析表明,采用基于应力的设计准则偏保守,采用基于轴向应变的设计准则能更多的利用管材的变形性能.可为管道的合理设计、安全评价、完整性管理提供一定的理论参考.